Mendalian Punnet Squares 3.1 U3

Question 1

What is genetics?

Answer 1

The study of heredity

Question 2

What is fertilization?

Answer 2

The joining of male and female gametes to produce a new cell

Question 3

What is true-breeding?

Answer 3

self-pollinating plants that produce offspring identical to themselves

Question 4

What did Gregor Mendel do?

Answer 4

Mendel used cross-pollination of true-breeding plants to produce new combinations and study the results.Gregor Mendel was the father of geneticsHe also used peas BECAUSE they were self-pollinating which can lead to true-breeding plants.

Question 5

What are genes and alleles IN GENERAL?

Answer 5

An individual’s characteristics are determined by factors that are passed from one generation to the next.

Question 6

What is a gene?

Answer 6

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspringExample: There is a gene that determines the trait for hair color

Question 7

What is an allele?

Answer 7

Different forms of a gene. Example: The possible alleles for the gene for hair color include brown, black, blonde, red, etc.

Question 8

What is a dominant trait?

Answer 8

An organism with one dominant allele will exhibit the dominant form of the trait.

Question 9

What is a recessive trait?

Answer 9

An organism must have two copies of the recessive allele to exhibit the recessive form of the trait.

Question 10

In Mendel’s experiments, what is the P Generation?

Answer 10

Parental generation; true-breeding

Question 11

In Mendel’s experiments, what is the F^1 Generation?

Answer 11

First filial generation; offspring of the P cross

Question 12

In Mendel’s experiments, what is the F^2 Generation?

Answer 12

Second filial generation; offspring of the F1 cross

Question 13

In Mendel’s experiments, what happened in the F^1 Cross?

Answer 13

All offspring looked like one parent from the P generation.

Question 14

In Mendel’s experiments, what happened in the F^2 Cross?

Answer 14

Most offspring look like the F1 generation but approximately ¼ look like the second parent from the P generation.

Question 15

What is probability?

Answer 15

The likelihood that a particular event will occur. Example: When you flip a coin, there are two possible outcomes. The probability of either outcome is theoretically equal, so the probability that a single coin flip will land heads up is 1 out of 2, ½, or 50%.

Question 16

What is monohybrid?

Answer 16

crossing of one trait

Question 17

What is dihybrid?

Answer 17

crossing of two traits

Question 18

How do you express PHENOTYPIC RATIO in a MONOHYBRID cross?

Answer 18

Dominant : Recessive3:1

Question 19

How do you express PHENOTYPIC RATIO in a DIHYBRID cross?

Answer 19

dominant for both traits : # dominant for first trait but recessive for second : # recessive for first trait but dominant for second : # recessive for both traits9: 3: 3: 1

Question 20

How do you express GENOTYPIC RATIO in a MONOHYBRID cross?

Answer 20

Homozygous dominant (HH) : heterozygous (Hh) : homozygous recessive (hh)1 : 2 : 1

Question 21

How do you express GENOTYPIC RATIO in a DIHYBRID cross?

Answer 21

RRYY:RRYy:RrYY:RrYy:RRyy:Rryy:rrYy:rrYy: rryyDom,Dom: Dom,Het: Het,Dom: Het,Het: Dom,Rec: Het,Rec: Rec,Dom: Rec,Het: Rec,Rec1:2:2:1:4:1:2:2:1

Question 22

If you had two traits, how would you go from genotype to gametes?

Answer 22

Foil to get something likeAaBb to —-> AB Ab aB ab

Question 23

What is a trait

Answer 23

A specific characteristic of an individual.

Question 24

Know how to do punnet squares and how to read them :), maybe take this time to do a practice one with a version you may struggle with. Maybe X - linked traits or multiple alleles! Remember, express your answer in a full sentence!

Answer 24

YES

Question 25

What is the Law of Segregation?

Answer 25

During gamete formation, alleles segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only a single copy of each gene.
Each F1 plant produces two kinds of gametes: those with the tall allele and those with the short allele.
The alleles separate during gamete formation and then pair up again in the F2 generation (fertilization), with the capital letter representing the dominant allele and the lowercase letter representing the recessive allele. The F2 generation had new combinations of alleles!