Experiments And Limitations Flashcards
(17 cards)
Demand Characteristics
Refers to participants biases: when participants from an interpretation of the aim of the researchers study and either subconsciously or consciously change their behavior to fit that interpretation
Reactivity
When participants simply act differently because they are being observed
Social Desirability Eefect
When participants react in a certain way because they feel that it is the “socially acceptable” things to do — and they know that they are being observed
Screw You Effect
Occurs when participant attempts to figure out the researchers hypothesis but only in order to destroy the credibility of study
Expectancy Effect
When a participant acts a certain way because he/she wants to do what the researcher asks
Order Effect
Changes in participants responses that result from the order in which the experimental conditions are presented to them
Fatigue Effect
When asked to take part in several conditions of the same experiment, participants may get tired or bored
Interference Effects
When the fact that you have taken part in one condition affects your ability to take part in the next condition
Practice Effect
When participants are asked to do a task repeatedly, we may see that they improved
Validity
Evaluates wether a study, procedure, measurement instrument or result actually reflects what it is supposed to measure
Internal Validity
Evaluates the extent to which it can be claimed that research outcomes are a result of the experimental treatment
Construct Validity
focused on how variables are operationalised in a study
Research Bias
When the beliefs or opinions of the researcher influence the outcomes or conclusions of the research
Confounding Variable
Variable that influences the result of an experiment (variable that isn’t controlled)
External Validity
Evaluates the extent to which results can be generalized to other people and other setting or situations beyond the experiment itself
Population Validity
If the sample is not representative of the population that is drawn from, then the results are not generalizable to that population
Ecological Validity
The extent to which research reflects the real-world
