Explanations For Forgetting : Retrieval Failure Flashcards
What is retrieval failure
When people forget information due to insufficient cues
How do cues work
When memories are made, cues are stored at the same time
It they’re not available at the time of recall, it appears to be forgotten due to lack of cues
Who developed the encoding specificity principle
Tulving
What is the encoding specifity principle
Stated that cues are helpful if they are present during encoding and retrieval.
If not this leads to forgetting
What are the 3 types of cue
Meaningful
Non meaningful - context dependant forgetting and state dependent forgetting
What is context dependant forgetting
Recall depends on external environment
What is state dependant forgetting
Recall depends on internal cue
What is the real search on context dependant forgetting
Godden and Baddley
Deep sea divers learn words underwater or on land and repeat them on water or land (UU, UL,LU,LL)
What was the findings from godden and baddleys CD forgetting research
When learning and recall conditions matched, the recall was 40% higher
What is the research for State dependant forgetting
Carter and Cassidy
Gave antihistamines to people to make them drowsy (changed internal state)
Given words to remeber (DD, DN, ND, NN)
What was carter and cassadays findings on state dependant forgetting
Found that a mismatch of internal state made recall worse
What are the 2 strengths for retrieval failure
Real world application (why we walk into a room and forget)
Research support - Godden and Baddley and Carter and Cassaday
However - Baddley says context in daily life is not as prominent as sea and land the fore may be weak for every day
What is the limitation for retrieval failure
Context depends
Godden and Baddley repeated their test but just had to recognise the word. Context made no difference to recognition
