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Micro exam 8 > export_zoonotic bacteria i > Flashcards

export_zoonotic bacteria i Flashcards

1
Q

Anthrax causative agent

A

Bacillus anthracis

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2
Q

Bacillus anthracis features

A

Gram-positive rods in chains
Aerobic

Spore-forming

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3
Q

Bacillus anthracis virulence factors

A

PROTEIN capsule
Protective Ag

Lethal toxin

Edema toxin

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4
Q

Protective Ag

A

Operates like a B subunit for an AB toxin

Binds, and allows lethal OR edema toxin to take effect

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5
Q

Lethal toxin

A

Disrupts normal cell signaling, resulting in apoptosis and inflammation

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6
Q

Edema toxin

A

Increases cAMP levels, resulting in ion/water efflux and edema

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7
Q

Bacillus anthracis pathogenesis

A

Spore ingestion/inoculation
Germination and production of toxin

Protective Ag binding, then internalization of LF and/or EF

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8
Q

Bacillus anthracis resevoirs

A

Cattle, sheep, goats, and soil

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9
Q

Three types of Bacillus anthracis infections

A

Inoculation
Inhalation

Ingestion

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10
Q

Inoculation anthrax

A

Most common

Open cuts/wounds

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11
Q

Inhalation anthrax

A

Uncommon

“Wool-sorters disease”

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12
Q

Ingestion anthrax

A

GI (rare)

Contaminated meats

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13
Q

Cutaneous anthrax disease

A

Small red papule -> vesicle -> necrotic ulcer (eschar) with black center
Painless

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14
Q

Inhalation anthrax disease

A

Spores remain latent
Initially, non-specific (cough, SOB, fatigue)

Second stage (fever, drenching sweat, dyspnea, shock, death)

Fatal if not treated, high mortality rate with treatment

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15
Q

Diagnose anthrax

A

Clinical signs
Hx of exposure

Gram-stain

Culture

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16
Q

Treatment of cutaneous anthrax

A

Amoxicillin

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17
Q

Treatment of inhalation or GI anthrax

A

Three antibiotics

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18
Q

Brucellosis causative agent

A

Brucella species

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19
Q

Brucella features

A

Gram-negative coccobacilli

Intracellular pathogens

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20
Q

Which species cause brucellosis in humans?

A

B. abortis (cattle)
B. suis (swine)

B. melintensis (goats)

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21
Q

Transmission of Brucella

A

Aerosol

Ingestion (raw milk)

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22
Q

Brucellosis disease

A

Acute, undulating fever, joint pain, headache, drenching sweat
Can cause spontaneous abortion in pregnant woman

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23
Q

Diagnose brucellosis

A

Hx

Blood culture, serology, blood PCR

24
Q

Treat brucellosis

A

6+ weeks of tetracycline and rifampin

25
Q

Pasteurellosis causative agent

A

Pasteurella multocida

26
Q

Pasteurella multocida features

A

Gram-negative coccobacilli
Facultative anaerobes

Normal microbiota of many animals

27
Q

Pasteurella multocida virulence factors

A

LPS

Polysaccharide capsule

28
Q

Transmission of pasteurellosis infection

A

Dog or cat bite/scratch

29
Q

Pasteurella multocida disease

A

Redness/swelling around wound
Cellulitis and abscess

Lymphadenopathy

30
Q

Diagnose pasteurellosis

A

Hx

Culture/biochemical testing

31
Q

Treat pasteurellosis

A

Penicillin

32
Q

Leptospirosis causative agent

A

Leptospira interrogans

33
Q

Leptospira interrogans features

A

Gram-negative, spiral-shaped, terminal “hooks”

Require dark-field microscopy

34
Q

Leptospirosis disease

A

Most cause self-limited, non-specific febrile illness

Two phases of disease

35
Q

Phase 1 of leptospirosis

A

Febrile, flu-like
Organism in blood, urine, CSF

Resolution, or progression to phase 2

36
Q

Phase 2 of leptospirosis

A

Lasts several weeks
Meningitis, eye inflammation, jaundice, renal failure, petechial rash

Organ failure

37
Q

Diagnose leptospirosis

A

Hx

Serology

38
Q

Treat leptospirosis

A

Penicillin

Ampicillin

39
Q

Leptospirosis resevoirs

A

Rodents

Small mammals

40
Q

Tularemia causative agent

A

Francisella tularensis

41
Q

Francisella tularensis features

A

Gram-negative coccobacilli
Aerobic

Intracellular (monocyte/macrophage)

42
Q

Francisella tularensis virulence factors

A

Prevents phagosome-lysosome fusion
Polysaccharide capsule

LPS

43
Q

Tularemia disease

A 
Skin = ulceroglandular
Eye = oculoglandular

Lungs = pneumonic

44
Q

Ulceroglandular tularemia disease

A

Red, painful, swollen papule, becomes purulent, ulcerates

May become bacteremic

45
Q

Oculoglandular tularemia disease

A

Painful conjunctivitis with swollen cervical lymph nodes

46
Q

Pneumonic tularemia disease

A

Inhalation of infectious aerosol
Pneumonitis, eventual sepsis

High mortality rate

47
Q

Tularemia treatment

A

Gentamycin

48
Q

Tularemia reservoir

A

Rabbits

Hares

49
Q

Tularemia vector

A

Ticks

Deer flies

50
Q

Plague causative agent

A

Yersinia pestis

51
Q

Yersinia pestis features

A

Gram-negative rod

52
Q

Yersinia pestis staining

A

Giemsa stain results in purple, closed safety pin

53
Q

Yersinia pestis virulence factors

A

PROTEIN capsule
LPS

Three plasmids (biofilm formation, enhanced resistance to macrophages, resistance to complement)

54
Q

Yersinia pestic - Bubonic plaque

A

Transmitted by flea bite
Painful lymphadenopathy results in buboes - can perforate, resulting in bacteremia and septic shock

Gangrene of the extremities

55
Q

Yesinia pestis - Pneumonic plague

A

Inhalation of infectious droplets
May be secondary to Bubonic plague

Primary - fever, headache, cough, etc. rapidly progressing to hemoptysis, cardiopulmonary insufficiency, cyanosis, circulatory collapse

Secondary - progresses more slowly

56
Q

Plague resevoirs

A

Rodents

Prairie dogs

57
Q

Plague vectors

A

Fleas

Micro exam 8 (10 decks)

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