export_zoonotic bacteria i

Question 1

Anthrax causative agent

Answer 1

Bacillus anthracis

Question 2

Bacillus anthracis features

Answer 2

Gram-positive rods in chains
Aerobic

Spore-forming

Question 3

Bacillus anthracis virulence factors

Answer 3

PROTEIN capsule
Protective Ag

Lethal toxin

Edema toxin

Question 4

Protective Ag

Answer 4

Operates like a B subunit for an AB toxin

Binds, and allows lethal OR edema toxin to take effect

Question 5

Lethal toxin

Answer 5

Disrupts normal cell signaling, resulting in apoptosis and inflammation

Question 6

Edema toxin

Answer 6

Increases cAMP levels, resulting in ion/water efflux and edema

Question 7

Bacillus anthracis pathogenesis

Answer 7

Spore ingestion/inoculation
Germination and production of toxin

Protective Ag binding, then internalization of LF and/or EF

Question 8

Bacillus anthracis resevoirs

Answer 8

Cattle, sheep, goats, and soil

Question 9

Three types of Bacillus anthracis infections

Answer 9

Inoculation
Inhalation

Ingestion

Question 10

Inoculation anthrax

Answer 10

Most common

Open cuts/wounds

Question 11

Inhalation anthrax

Answer 11

Uncommon

“Wool-sorters disease”

Question 12

Ingestion anthrax

Answer 12

GI (rare)

Contaminated meats

Question 13

Cutaneous anthrax disease

Answer 13

Small red papule -> vesicle -> necrotic ulcer (eschar) with black center
Painless

Question 14

Inhalation anthrax disease

Answer 14

Spores remain latent
Initially, non-specific (cough, SOB, fatigue)

Second stage (fever, drenching sweat, dyspnea, shock, death)

Fatal if not treated, high mortality rate with treatment

Question 15

Diagnose anthrax

Answer 15

Clinical signs
Hx of exposure

Gram-stain

Culture

Question 16

Treatment of cutaneous anthrax

Answer 16

Amoxicillin

Question 17

Treatment of inhalation or GI anthrax

Answer 17

Three antibiotics

Question 18

Brucellosis causative agent

Answer 18

Brucella species

Question 19

Brucella features

Answer 19

Gram-negative coccobacilli

Intracellular pathogens

Question 20

Which species cause brucellosis in humans?

Answer 20

B. abortis (cattle)
B. suis (swine)

B. melintensis (goats)

Question 21

Transmission of Brucella

Answer 21

Aerosol

Ingestion (raw milk)

Question 22

Brucellosis disease

Answer 22

Acute, undulating fever, joint pain, headache, drenching sweat
Can cause spontaneous abortion in pregnant woman

Question 23

Diagnose brucellosis

Answer 23

Hx

Blood culture, serology, blood PCR

Question 24

Treat brucellosis

Answer 24

6+ weeks of tetracycline and rifampin

Question 25

Pasteurellosis causative agent

Answer 25

Pasteurella multocida

Question 26

Pasteurella multocida features

Answer 26

Gram-negative coccobacilli Facultative anaerobes Normal microbiota of many animals

Question 27

Pasteurella multocida virulence factors

Answer 27

LPS | Polysaccharide capsule

Question 28

Transmission of pasteurellosis infection

Answer 28

Dog or cat bite/scratch

Question 29

Pasteurella multocida disease

Answer 29

Redness/swelling around wound Cellulitis and abscess Lymphadenopathy

Question 30

Diagnose pasteurellosis

Answer 30

Hx | Culture/biochemical testing

Question 31

Treat pasteurellosis

Answer 31

Penicillin

Question 32

Leptospirosis causative agent

Answer 32

Leptospira interrogans

Question 33

Leptospira interrogans features

Answer 33

Gram-negative, spiral-shaped, terminal "hooks" | Require dark-field microscopy

Question 34

Leptospirosis disease

Answer 34

Most cause self-limited, non-specific febrile illness | Two phases of disease

Question 35

Phase 1 of leptospirosis

Answer 35

Febrile, flu-like Organism in blood, urine, CSF Resolution, or progression to phase 2

Question 36

Phase 2 of leptospirosis

Answer 36

Lasts several weeks Meningitis, eye inflammation, jaundice, renal failure, petechial rash Organ failure

Question 37

Diagnose leptospirosis

Answer 37

Hx | Serology

Question 38

Treat leptospirosis

Answer 38

Penicillin | Ampicillin

Question 39

Leptospirosis resevoirs

Answer 39

Rodents | Small mammals

Question 40

Tularemia causative agent

Answer 40

Francisella tularensis

Question 41

Francisella tularensis features

Answer 41

Gram-negative coccobacilli Aerobic Intracellular (monocyte/macrophage)

Question 42

Francisella tularensis virulence factors

Answer 42

Prevents phagosome-lysosome fusion Polysaccharide capsule LPS

Question 43

Tularemia disease

Answer 43

``` Skin = ulceroglandular Eye = oculoglandular ``` Lungs = pneumonic

Question 44

Ulceroglandular tularemia disease

Answer 44

Red, painful, swollen papule, becomes purulent, ulcerates | May become bacteremic

Question 45

Oculoglandular tularemia disease

Answer 45

Painful conjunctivitis with swollen cervical lymph nodes

Question 46

Pneumonic tularemia disease

Answer 46

Inhalation of infectious aerosol Pneumonitis, eventual sepsis High mortality rate

Question 47

Tularemia treatment

Answer 47

Gentamycin

Question 48

Tularemia reservoir

Answer 48

Rabbits | Hares

Question 49

Tularemia vector

Answer 49

Ticks | Deer flies

Question 50

Plague causative agent

Answer 50

Yersinia pestis

Question 51

Yersinia pestis features

Answer 51

Gram-negative rod

Question 52

Yersinia pestis staining

Answer 52

Giemsa stain results in purple, closed safety pin

Question 53

Yersinia pestis virulence factors

Answer 53

PROTEIN capsule LPS Three plasmids (biofilm formation, enhanced resistance to macrophages, resistance to complement)

Question 54

Yersinia pestic - Bubonic plaque

Answer 54

Transmitted by flea bite Painful lymphadenopathy results in buboes - can perforate, resulting in bacteremia and septic shock Gangrene of the extremities

Question 55

Yesinia pestis - Pneumonic plague

Answer 55

Inhalation of infectious droplets May be secondary to Bubonic plague Primary - fever, headache, cough, etc. rapidly progressing to hemoptysis, cardiopulmonary insufficiency, cyanosis, circulatory collapse Secondary - progresses more slowly

Question 56

Plague resevoirs

Answer 56

Rodents | Prairie dogs

Question 57

Plague vectors

Answer 57

Fleas