export_zoonotic bacteria ii

Question 1

Borrelia features

Answer 1

Neither Gram-positive nor negative
Long spirochetes

Fastidious, microaerophilic

Question 2

Borrelia disease

Answer 2

Lyme disease
Relapsing fever (endemic or epidemic)

Question 3

Species causing lyme disease

Answer 3

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 4

Lyme disease reservoirs

Answer 4

Mice

Deer

Question 5

Lyme disease vector

Answer 5

Ixodes (hard tick)

Question 6

Disease stages of lyme disease

Answer 6

Early stage 1
Early stage 2

Late, stage 3

Question 7

Early stage 1 lyme disease

Answer 7

Localized infection
Bull’s-eye rash

Malaise, fever, headache, fatigue

Question 8

Early stage 2

Answer 8

Disseminated infection
3-5 weeks after bite

Bacteremia, myalgia, cardiac dysfunction, signs consistent with meningitis/encephalitis

Question 9

Late, stage 3 lyme disease

Answer 9

Persistent infection
Arthritis

One or more joints affected, skin discoloration, neuro complaints

Question 10

Treat lyme disease

Answer 10

Doxycycline or amoxicillin

Question 11

Types of relapsing fever

Answer 11

Epidemic

Endemic

Question 12

Epidemic relapsing fever cause

Answer 12

Borrelia recurrentis

Louse-borne

Question 13

Endemic relapsing fever cause

Answer 13

Borrelia hermsii

Tick-borne

Question 14

Relapsing fever pathogenesis

Answer 14

Dissemination
Ag variation

Febrile and afebrile cycles

Question 15

Difference between endemic and epidemic relapsing fever

Answer 15

Epidemic form is NOT a zoonotic disease

Transmission from human to human via louse

Question 16

Relapsing fever symptoms

Answer 16

Chills, fever, headache
Hepatosplenomegaly

Several relapses may occur

Question 17

Diagnose relapsing fever

Answer 17

Giemsa stained blood smear

Question 18

Treatment for relapsing fever

Answer 18

Tetracycline or erythromycin

Question 19

Rickettsia features

Answer 19

Very small Gram-negative coccobacilli

Obligate intracellular pathogen, facilitate uptake into host cells

Question 20

Disease caused by Rickettsia that we need to know, and vector

Answer 20

Rocky mountain spotted fever

Dog tick

Question 21

RMSF symptoms

Answer 21

Rash and fever

Pink, non-itchy lesions that become raised and spread to torso

Question 22

RMSF untreated

Answer 22

DIC, pulmonary edema, renal failure, GI hemorrhage

Question 23

RMSF treatment

Answer 23

Tetracycline (doxycycline)

Question 24

Ehrlichiosis causative agents

Answer 24

Ehrlichia and Anaplasma

Question 25

Ehrlichia features

Answer 25

Gram-negative, intracellular pathogens | Parasitize monocytes and granulocytes

Question 26

Two types of Ehrlichia

Answer 26

Ehrlichia chaffeensis | Anaplasma phagocytophilium

Question 27

Disease caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis

Answer 27

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME)

Question 28

Disease caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilium

Answer 28

Human gradulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) | "Anaplasmosis"

Question 29

HME vector

Answer 29

Lone Star Tick

Question 30

HME reservoir

Answer 30

White tailed deer

Question 31

HGE vector

Answer 31

Ixodes

Question 32

HGE reservoir

Answer 32

Variety of small mammals

Question 33

Ehrlichiosis disease

Answer 33

Most are asymptomatic or present as a non-specific viral illness

Question 34

Severe ehrlichiosis disease

Answer 34

Multisystem zoonosis Malaise, fever, headache Sometimes petechial rash Respiratory distress, CNS dysfunction

Question 35

Diagnose ehrlichiosis

Answer 35

Serology

Question 36

Treat ehrlichiosis

Answer 36

Tetracycline (doxycycline)

Question 37

Query (Q) fever causative agent

Answer 37

Coxiella burnetii

Question 38

Coxiella burnetii features

Answer 38

Gram-negative, pleomorphic bacteria Obligate intracellular Small-cell and large-cell variants

Question 39

Small-cell variants of Coxiella features

Answer 39

Resistant to high temperature, osmotic pressure, and UV light Can survive in environment for months

Question 40

Q fever vector

Answer 40

Ticks

Question 41

Q fever reservoirs

Answer 41

Farm animals, dogs, cats

Question 42

Forms of Q fever

Answer 42

Acute | Chronic

Question 43

Acute Q fever

Answer 43

1/2 asymptomatic General "flu-like" disease Fever, chills, malaise, headache Pneumonia

Question 44

Chronic Q fever

Answer 44

Mainly as endocarditis or hepatitis | Acute signs general absent

Question 45

Treatment of Q fever

Answer 45

Tetracycline (doxycycline)

Question 46

Prevent Q fever

Answer 46

Inactivated, whole cell vaccine

Question 47

Bartonella features

Answer 47

Small, slightly curved, Gram-negative rods

Question 48

Diseases caused by Bartonella spp.

Answer 48

``` Trench fever (Bartonella quintana) Cat scratch fever (Bartonella henselae) ```

Question 49

Trench fever vector

Answer 49

Lice (feces)

Question 50

Trench fever disease

Answer 50

Relapsing fever, headache, dizziness | Not considered fatal

Question 51

Treat trench fever

Answer 51

Aminoglycoside (gentamycin) or macrolide (erythromycin)

Question 52

Cat scratch fever vector

Answer 52

Cat | Flea (feces)

Question 53

Cat scratch fever disease

Answer 53

Fever Lymphadenopathy Papule at site of inoculation

Question 54

Treat cat scratch fever

Answer 54

Generally not needed | If needed, azithromycin is recommended

Question 55

RMSF rash

Answer 55

Centripetal spread

Question 56

Rickettsial pox rash

Answer 56

Generalized

Question 57

Louse-borne (epidemic) fever rash

Answer 57

Centrifugal spread

Question 58

Trench fever rash

Answer 58

None

Question 59

Q fever rash

Answer 59

None

Question 60

Cat scratch fever rash

Answer 60

Papule at site of inoculation

Question 61

Ehrlichiosis rash

Answer 61

~33%

Question 62

Malaria fever

Answer 62

Every 2-3 days | Lasts 24 hours

Question 63

Brucellosis fever

Answer 63

Daily | Fever recurrence in the evening

Question 64

Relapsing fever fever

Answer 64

Every 7-10 days | Lasts 7-10 days