External Eye Part 1

Question 1

What things can you look for during inspection?

Answer 1

sore, lesions, signs of inflammation, discoloration, and functional abnormalities.

Question 2

Where can you look for abnormality during inspection?

Answer 2

Lids, lashes, Lacrimal apparatus, conjunctiva, sclera, cornea, iris, and pupils.

Question 3

What is the baseline functional test? What is it?

Answer 3

Snellen or Sloan eye charts. Visual acuity at a distance.

Question 4

Snellen has how much distance?

Answer 4

20 ft

Question 5

Sloan chart needs how much distance?

Answer 5

10ft

Question 6

Indirectly, the distal and near visual acuity tests (Snellen and Sloan) test what?

Answer 6

Anterior segments of eye
Central vision
optic nerve
Visual centers of the brain
(fovea centralis and macula lutea

Question 7

Testing only the right side of the eye (distance) is called?

Answer 7

oculus dextra (OD)

Question 8

Testing only the left side of the eye is called? (distance)

Answer 8

Oculus sinister (OS)

Question 9

Testing both eyes together is called? (distance)

Answer 9

Oculus uterque (OU)

Question 10

Term for eye having far sight but poor near sight.

Answer 10

hyperopia

Question 11

Term for eye having near sight but poor far sight.

Answer 11

myopia

Question 12

With age, >40, the lens loses its what?

Answer 12

Elasticity

Question 13

The loss of elasticity in older years causes diminished near sight but continued far sight. This is called?

Answer 13

presbyopia

Question 14

What is a common complaint in people over 50 (and in some young people)?

Answer 14

Vitreous floaters

Question 15

What can vitreous floaters look like?

Answer 15

Cobwebs, spots, smudges

Question 16

When are vitreous floaters concerning?

Answer 16

When they appear suddenly

Question 17

How can you test near vision?

Answer 17

With a Rosenbaum chart or newprint

Question 18

What distance is near vision tested?

Answer 18

14 inches

Question 19

What is a blind spot called?

Answer 19

scotoma

Question 20

What anatomy are the boundaries in testing the peripheral eye test?

Answer 20

eyebrow, cheek, nose, lateral face

Question 21

Visual field deficits occur with what?

Answer 21

Abnormalities of the anterior segments of the eye

Question 22

What can cause visual field deficits?

Answer 22

Scratching, scaring, edema of the cornea,
Cataracts on the lens
Pus or blood in the aqueous or vitreous fluid of eye,
Chronic glaucoma
Retinal detachments
Neural lesions along visual pathways

Question 23

What causes progressive tunnel vision?

Answer 23

Chronic glaucoma

Question 24

How can you test extraocular muscle strength and cranial nerves III, IV, VI?

Answer 24

Cardinal planes of gaze test

Question 25

Which extraocular eye muscle is innervated by C.N. III?

Answer 25

Lavatory palpebrae superioris | Superior, inferior, and medial rectus

Question 26

Which eye muscle is innervated by C.N. VI?

Answer 26

Lateral rectus

Question 27

Which eye muscle is innervated by C.N. IV?

Answer 27

Superior oblique

Question 28

What are ways to check symmetrical alignment of the eyes and therefore binocular vision?

Answer 28

Corneal light reflection and the cover-uncover test.

Question 29

If there is a strabismus or a refractive difference between the eyes (during corneal light reflex or cover-uncover test) the brain will suppress the poorer image which leads to what?

Answer 29

amblyopia and monocular vision

Question 30

Explain corneal light reflection.

Answer 30

A light shone at the eyes from a central position should cast a corneal reflection on the same point in each eye.

Question 31

Asymmetrical reflections during the corneal light test implies what?

Answer 31

A congenital or muscle imbalance resulting in strabismus.

Question 32

Explain the cover-uncover test.

Answer 32

Instruct patient to fix gaze on object. The doctor covers one eye with hand and uncovers (does on both eyes) looking for movement of that eye.

Question 33

Movement in either eye during the cover-uncover test reveals what?

Answer 33

Acquired or congenital muscle imbalance resulting in strabismus.

Question 34

When the eyes fail to work in a conjugate (coupled) fashion what will likely occur?

Answer 34

Monocular vision which affects depth perception.