external pressures on the National Party

Question 1

describe the economic dependence of SA

Answer 1

Zambia, Malawi, Botswana and swaziland = relied SA for trade and egress to ports
SA controlled oil and electricity supplies to these countries

Question 2

what was the impact on decolonisation on Sa

Answer 2

Mozambique
marxist FRELIMO took power 75=sa joined Rhodesia in supporting rival RENAMO jo slovo had headquarters here
Angola
sided with US supporting national lib front Angolia against communist leaning MPLA which backed USSR and Cuba = SA gave 14 mil arms by 75 3000 sa troops dec US congress refused further fund SA left 76

Namibia
Mandate after WW1 and effectively governed it as a colony in 67 UN formally ended the mandate and in 73 delcared SA occupancy illegal.
SA used namibia as a buffer zone to counter communist threat Angola SA was in full embroided war with with indy mov SWAPO

Rhodesia
SA gave aid Rhodesian forces fighting against indy groups= when mozambiqu e and Angolia gainded indy SA felt Rhodesian regieme was unsustainable=tried to convinve white supremacist gov negotiate with moderate nlack groups indy by 1980

Question 3

describe the arms embargo that SA was placed under (international)

Answer 3

UN called for voluntary arms embargo 1963 did not become mandatory till 77 with resoloution 418 after widespread condemnation after Soweto
71 Commonwealth conference against arms sales and deal where Britian would supply helicopter and frigates abandoned
-Taiwan and Israel continued supply arms SA despite UN embargo 77

Question 4

International condemnation with UN

Answer 4

-attempt to expel SA from UN 74 vetoed Britain France USA
after Sharpeville decolonisation protest grew more

Question 5

international economic sanctions

Answer 5

Britain = focused boycotts month long boycott of SA goods march 60 international commitee on sanctions to be held Britain in 1964
UN passed resolution 1761 in Nov 62 set up special committee for economic sanctions
many western countries refused to join this Britain France us vetoed sanctions being mandatory
congress overode presidents veto sanctions
50 in 1986 and 40 companies in following yrs
Chase manhattan US bank refused to renew loans 10 mil of short term loans 87= financial crisis which importnat factor for SA gov begining negotiations end aprthied
1989 report estimated eco sanctions reduced potential growth in sa by 5% and lost 5 mil jobs

Question 6

describe western opposition to sanctions

Answer 6

leaders argued sacntions would hurt who there trying to help black population
increase SA seigie menatility LAAGER mentality

Question 7

cultural and sporting boycotts

Answer 7

-glenegales agreement june 77 fprbade members competing against SA in sporting events
-SA gov tours caused disruption as banned tours if they included non white players