Extra haematology Flashcards
(10 cards)
What can you do with tissue biopsy to establish diagnosis?
Morphology
Immunophenotype
Cytogenetics
Molecular genetics
What surface markers can show us which lymphocyte malignancy is present?
T cell- CD3/4
B cells- TDT (immature) / Ig (if mature)
What do you look for in Morphology?
- malignant cells; large or small, mature or immature?
2. Lymph node diffuse invasion or forming follicles?
What do you look for in Immunophenotype?
- myeloid or lymphoid? T or B lineage?
2. stage of maturation precursor or mature?
What do you look for in cytogenetics?
- Philadelphia Chromosome > CML.
- Prognostic information eg Chromosome 17p del in CLL
- t(8;14) activates c-myc oncogene in Burkitt Lymphoma
What do you look for in Molecular genetics?
- JAK2 mutation in suspected polycythemia vera
2. BCR-ABL1 cDNA detection and quantification
How do you differentiated B cell ALL and multiple myeloma?
B cell Acute lymphoblastic lymphoma
TdT +ve
CD19 +ve
Surface Immunoglobulin -ve
Multiple myeloma
TdT negative
Surface Immunoglobulin +ve
CD138 positive
What are some appropriate treatments for haematology cancers?
An abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor for CML
Combination chemotherapy for acute leukaemias
Chemo+immunotherapy for lymphomas
Watch and wait for indolent lymphomas
If bloods come back with a high skew to kappa or lambda what does that mean?
Monoclonal mature B cells
What is Budd Chiari?
Budd-Chiari syndrome is a condition in which the hepatic veins (veins that drain the liver) are blocked or narrowed by a clot (mass of blood cells). This blockage causes blood to back up into the liver, and as a result, the liver grows larger.
