Extracellular Bacteria

Question 1

is haemophilus influenza gram neg or pos?

Answer 1

neg

Question 2

is bordetella pertussis gram neg or pos?

Answer 2

neg

Question 3

is strep pneumo gram neg or pos?

Answer 3

pos

Question 4

is mycoplasma pneumo gram neg or pos?

Answer 4

unusual…no gram stain because no cell wall

Question 5

how are all four of the extracellular bacteria transmitted?

Answer 5

person to person

Question 6

what are the two subsets of haemophilus?

Answer 6

encapsulated and non encapsulated

Question 7

what are the types of haemophilus that is encapsulated/

Answer 7

types a-f

Question 8

three common infections other than pneumonia that haemophilus influenza can cause? which is most common?

Answer 8

meningitis
otitis media most common
epiglottitis

Question 9

what type of vaccine is haemophilus?

Answer 9

conjugate

Question 10

which strand of haemophilus influenza usually causes meningitis and epiglottitis?

Answer 10

type B

Question 11

name the three virulence factors for haemophilus, which is the main one?

Answer 11

pili
LPS
Capsule…polyribosyl phosphate

Question 12

what ages are affected by haemophilus? why?

Answer 12

age 6 mos to 3 yrs

because antibody driven and lsoe mothers and dont make the antibodies against the PRP capsule until about 3 yrs old

Question 13

what is the haemophilus type B polysaccharide conjugated with in vaccine?

Answer 13

tetanus toxoid

Question 14

what disease does bordatella pertussis cause?

Answer 14

whooping cough

Question 15

what is the habitat of bordatella pertussis? does it have another habitat?

Answer 15

human respiratory tract…no it does not

Question 16

what is the name of the old pertussis vaccine and name of the new one?

Answer 16

DTP old

dtap and tdap (booster) are new

Question 17

what type of vaccine was the DTP for pertussis?

Answer 17

a whole cell vaccine…meaning organism is inactivated but intact

Question 18

what type of vaccine is the newer Dtap and tdap for pertussis?

Answer 18

acellular vaccine..meaning it has individual antigens

Question 19

name the three phases of infection with pertussis

Answer 19

catarrhal
paroxysmal
convalescent

Question 20

when is the catarrhal stage of pertussis infection? what is it like?

Answer 20

first seven days…

mild cold like symptoms

Question 21

when is the paroxysmal stage of pertussis infection? what is it like?

Answer 21

1-4 weeks

coughing episodes followed by inspiratory gasp (whoop)

Question 22

when is the convalescent stage of pertussis infection? what is it like?

Answer 22

several weeks after paroxysmal stage….slow improvement

Question 23

which stage of pertussis infection is pneumonia a risk?

Answer 23

paroxysmal phase

Question 24

what three molecules does pertussis use to attach in human?

Answer 24

fimbriae or pili
pertractin
filamentous hemagluttinin

Question 25

what is tracheal cytotoxin that pertussis secretes?

Answer 25

this is part of the old cell wall...it serves a toxin

Question 26

what does tracheal cytotoxin do to host?

Answer 26

it kills the cilia in the respiratory tract

Question 27

what two toxins that pertussis secretes play a role in limiting the immune response of the host?

Answer 27

pertussis toxin | adenylate cyclase toxin

Question 28

name the 7 pertussis virulence factors

Answer 28

``` pertussis toxin adenylate cyclase toxin LOS fimbriae tracheal cytotoxin filamentous hemagluttinin pertactin ```

Question 29

what does the pertussis vaccine...like dtap and tdap fail to protect against?

Answer 29

colonization

Question 30

what is the leading bug cause of community acquire pneumonia?

Answer 30

strep pneumo

Question 31

what other three respiratory infections are often associated with strep pneumo?

Answer 31

otitis media, bronchitis, sinusitis

Question 32

what type of pneumonia does strep pneumo cause? how long does it last?

Answer 32

lobar pneumonia lasting about 1-3 days

Question 33

what is strep pneumos main virulence factor?

Answer 33

capsule proteins

Question 34

what makes vaccines against strep pneumo so hard?

Answer 34

there are like 80 different capsular proteins

Question 35

what drugs to treat strep pneumo with?

Answer 35

cephalosporin and often vancomycin

Question 36

what are the two vaccines for strep pneumo? what age for each? what type?

Answer 36

prevnar 13...infant...conjugated | pneumovax 23...65 older...polysaccharide

Question 37

mycoplasma pneumoniae is spread how?

Answer 37

person to person via respiratory droplets

Question 38

does mycoplasma pneumoniae have a cell wall?

Answer 38

No...no gram stain used

Question 39

what must mycoplasma pneumoniae do to be pathogenic and survive in a host?

Answer 39

they must attach to epithelial cells

Question 40

does mycoplasma pneumoniae have a short or long incubation? what is the duration?

Answer 40

long...2 weeks

Question 41

how do symptoms progress in mycoplasma pneumoniae?

Answer 41

they start as sore throat and become a progressively worsening cough