Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Respiratory Week 1 > Upper Airway Disorders > Flashcards

Upper Airway Disorders Flashcards

(80 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what two antibodies are in sinus secretions

A

IgG and IgA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what type of epithelium lines the mucosal areas

A

psuedostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 cardinal symptoms of rhinosinusitis

A

facial pressure
nasal obstruction
purulent rhinorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

two main types of rhinosinusitis

A

acute and chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how long does chronic rhinosinusitis have to be

A

longer than 12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the usual pathogenic cause of acute rhinosinusitis

A

viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

name the three most common bacteria that cause acute rhinosinusitis

A

strep pneumo
haemophilus
Moraxella catrrhalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

while acute rhinosinusitis is considered to be infectious…what is chronic considered?

A

more inflammatory in nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the gold standard for chronic sinusitis imaging

A

CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the most common predisposing factor leading to chronic rhinosinusitis

A

allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

name the two genetic predispositions to chronic sinusitis

A

primary ciliary dyskinesia

CF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is mode of inheritance for primary ciliary

dyskinesia

A

autosomal recessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

name the four different treatment or symptom improving drugs for acute rhinosinusitis

A

antibiotics
steroids
saline irrigation
nasal decongestant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is an autonomic drug used for rhinosinusitis?

A

phenylephrine…because it decreases edema and mucos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is potts puffy tumor? what is it associated with?

A

it is a frontal bone osteomyelitis and is associated with adverse outcome of acute rhinosinusitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the broad categories that can contribute to development of chronic rhinosinusitis? (5)

A 
systemic-immuno/genetic
local-obstructions/dysfunction
microorganisms
pollutants
medications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is rhinitis medicamentosa?

A

when you take too much nasal decongestant you can get chronis rhinosinusitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

name the five treatment drug options for chronic rhinosinusitis

A

mechanical like saline rinse and mucolytics
antihistamines
steroids..oral and topical
antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

name two systemic diseases that can cause sinus blockage

A

granulomatosis with polyangitis (wegeners)

Sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is Granulomatosis with polyangitis?

A

idiopathic autoimmune disorder that leads to necrotiing granulomas and can involve the upper airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the two types of fungal sinusitis?

A

allergic and invasive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the treatment for allergic fungal sinusitis?

A

mainly surgical clearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what bugs are usually responsible for invasive fungal sinusitis?

A

mucor, rhizopus, and aspergillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the treatment for invasive fungal sinusitis?

A

surgical followed by IV antifungals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what type of person usually suffers from invasive fungal sinusitis?
an immunocompromised patient
26
what are three common symptoms that are signs of potential sinonasal tumors?
unexplained nosebleeds..often one sided sinonasal discharge sinus pain
27
name the common sinonasal tumor..what group suffers from this?
juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma...mainly in young males
28
what is the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis in adults?
group A beta hemolytic streptococcus pyogenes
29
is the usual cause of a sore throat bacterial or viral?
most are viral...but bacteria does have bigger presence in kids compared to adults
30
what is treatment for bacterial pharyngitis?
antibiotics...amoxicillin/penicillin...macrolides if allergic to penicillin
31
what is the structure of the EBV?
double stranded DNA virus
32
describe treatment for MONO
supportive care, antipyretics...NO amoxicillin or antibiotics in general unless there is secondary bacterial infection
33
what is a peritonsillar abscess?
an abscess between the capsule of the tonsils and the pharyngeal constrictors
34
name three symptoms associated with peritonsillar abscess?
trismus (lock jaw), hot potato voice (muffled voice), drooling
35
how do you treat a peritonsillar abscess?
drain it and give anitbiotics
36
what is a retropharyngeal abscess?
this is an abscess in the retropharyngeal space that is between the buccopharyngeal outpouch of the pretracheal layer and the alar fascia
37
what is the usual cause of the retropharyngeal abscess?
polymicrobial...can be aerobic..anaerobic and gram negative
38
how to treat retropharyngeal abscess?
incision and drainage then antibiotics
39
name the five common symptoms of a retripharyngeal abscess
``` fever sore throat shortness of breath neck stiffness painful swallowing ```
40
name five complications of a retropharyngeal abscess
``` internal jugular vein thrombosis necrotizing fascitis sepsis mediatinitis airway obstruction ```
41
describe how Ludwigs angina occurs?
usually dental in nature...inflammation and cellulitis of the submandibular space that spreads to the sublingual space
42
what is the most common issue encountered with ludwig angina?
tongue gets displaced due to swelling under it and will block the airway
43
what is the treatment for ludwigs angina?
give IV antibiotics, incision and drain, maintain airway
44
what are the common symptoms (4) for ludwigs angina?
shortness of breath, submandibular mass, drooling, trismus
45
what is the most common cause of long term dysphonia or hoarseness
iatrogenic injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve
46
name three causes of neurological injury that can leads to hoarseness
neoplasm viral neuropathy idiopathic injury
47
four symptoms of unilateral vocal fold paralysis
breathy, weak dysphonia, poor cough, dysphagia
48
what type of imaging to use to see the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
CT scan
49
what is the pancoast tumor?
a tumor in the apex of the lung that can cause compression on the recurrent laryngeal and lead to hoarseness
50
what is the cause of most benign vocal fold lesions?
phonotrauma
51
what cell layers of vocal cords are usually involved in vocal cord lesions?
superficial lamina propria and epithelial cover
52
what is recurrent respiratory papillomatosis? how to treat it?
from the HPV 6 and 11 strands and causes lesions on the airways...often a cause of vocal cord lesions surgery...not a cure
53
what age does recurrent respiratory papillomatosis affect mainly?
most common benign neoplasm in children...if get in childhood it is likely linked to mother
54
how does laryngeal cancer present?
hoaresness, neck masses, hemptysis, throat and ear pain, will see some masses on laryngoscopy, lymphadenopathy
55
how to treat early stage laryngeal cancer?
surgery or radiation therapy
56
how to treat late stage laryngeal cancer?
combined surgery and radiation therapy
57
what is a total laryngectomy?
complete disconnect of the respiratory tract and esophagus...trachea now comes out at the throat...breath through neck hole
58
how does tracheoesophageal speech work following a total laryngectomy?
have a fistula placed in the new trachea and it makes vibrations as air moves up and then the vibrations travel out of the mouth as speech
59
what is pediatric OSA? what are the signs of it?
obstructive sleep apnea | mouth breathing, snoring, snorting, gasping, dysphagia and choking signal tonsils, nasal voice signals adenoids
60
what four problems can kids with OSA have?
failure to thrive, learning disability, behavorial issues, ADHD
61
how to treat pediatric OSA?
most common cause is adenotonsillar hypertrophy so remove them
62
define stridor
high pitch breathing on inspiration, expiration or biphasic from narrowed trachea or larynx
63
define stertor
airway noise from nose or naso/oropharynx...low pitch
64
define wheezing
high pitched sound at end expiratory...signal lower respiration problem
65
with inspiratory stridor, where is the blockage?
supraglottis/glottis
66
with biphasic stridor where is the blockage?
subglottis
67
with expiratory stridor, where is the blockage?
trachea
68
what is epiglottitis?
bacterial infection of the epiglottis
69
what two organisms commonly cause epiglottitis?
haemophilus and streptococcus species
70
treatment for epiglottitis
secure airway, give antibiotics and steroids
71
what is the croup?
laryngotracheobronchitis...viral infection in pediatrics leads to inflammation and airway blockage commonly have barking cough and stridor
72
what is the sign associated with epiglottitis?
thumb sign
73
what is the sign associated with croup?
steeple sign
74
what is a positional sign for epiglottitis?
they sit in a tripod position
75
do you have difficulty swallowing in epiglottitis and croup?
yes for epiglottitis and NO for croup
76
what is laryngomalacia? what age does it effect?
congenital abnormality of the laryngeal cartilage leads to collapse and inspiratory stridor mainly infants
77
what is laryngotracheal stenosis
stenosis of the trachea and larynx that leads to narrowing of the airways
78
name the six classes of causes for laryngotracheal stenosis
``` idiopathic trauma neoplasms congenital collagen vascular disease chronic inflammatory disease ```
79
name a common traumatic cause of laryngotracheal stenosis
endotracheal tube placement for too long...more than 7-10 days
80
four symptoms of laryngotracheal stenosis
shortness of breath inspiratory stridor no aid with inhalers tight throat

Respiratory Week 1 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions