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Physiology Exam 3 > Extracellular Matrix > Flashcards

Extracellular Matrix Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ECM?

A

Filler and macromolecules (secreted by the cell)

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2
Q

Functions of ECM

A
  1. Cellular division
  2. Motility
  3. Differentiation
  4. Adhesion
  5. Structure
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3
Q

3 classes of ECM components

A
  1. Structural proteins
  2. Proteoglycans
  3. Adhesive glycoproteins
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4
Q

Examples and functions of structural proteins

A

Collagens and elastins → provide strength and flexibility

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5
Q

Proteoglycans

What are they:

Function:

A

Protein-polysaccharide complexes

Provide matrix for structural proteins

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6
Q

Examples and function of adhesive glycoproteins

A

Fibronectins and laminins → attach cells to matrix

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7
Q

______ is the most abundant protein in vertebrates and it contains __% of total body protein

A

Collagen → 25-30%

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8
Q

Tendons and ligaments contain a lot of?

A

Collagen

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9
Q

Collagen structure

A

Rigid triple helix of polypeptide chains

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10
Q

Collagen strength

A

1 mm fiber can hold 20 lbs

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11
Q

__ different alpha chains combine to form __ types of collagen

Which are most abundant?

A

25 different alpha chains → 15 types of collagen

I, II and III most abundant

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12
Q

Type I composes __% of collagen in body

A

90%

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13
Q

Collagen cross linking function

A

Strengthens collagen bundle to withstand high stress

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14
Q

Elastin provides flexibility to what tissues?

A
  1. Lungs
  2. Heart
  3. Arteries
  4. Skin
  5. Intestines
  6. Ears
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15
Q

Elasticity is dependent on what ratio?

A

Collagen : Elastin

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16
Q

Elastin composition

A

Proteins rich in glycine and proline (no hydroxylation) and elastin molecule (crosslinked between lysines)

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17
Q

Proteoglycan composition

A

Glycoprotein + glycosaminoglycan side chain

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18
Q

GAGs

A

Long polysaccharides → 2 monosaccharides in alternating order

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19
Q

Glycoprotein

A

Protein with GAGs (up to 95% carbohydrate)

20
Q

How are proteoglycans classified?

And what are 3 of the most common?

A

By glycosaminoglycan side chain:

  1. Chondroitin sulfate
  2. Keratan sulfate
  3. Heparin / heparin sulfate
21
Q

Location of chondroitin sulfate

A

Cartilage (osteoarthritis implications)

22
Q

Keratan sulfate locations and function

A
  1. Cornea
  2. Cartilage
  3. Bone

Cushion

23
Q

Proteoglycan functions

A
  1. Receptors
  2. Filtration
  3. Shock absorption
  4. Trap water (>50%x their weight)
24
Q

Hyaluronate functions:

A
  1. Lubricates joints

2. Found on surface of migrating cells → facilitates cell migration

25
Heparan sulfate What is it: Location:
Family with side chains made of D-glucosamine or L-iduronic acid Found in every cell of body
26
Heparin What is it: Function:
One member of the heparan sulfate family Anticoagulant
27
Heparan sulfate family functions (other than heparin)
1. Bind growth factors 2. Important role in inflammation 3. Entry of virus into cells (herpes, rabies)
28
Fibronectin
Most common adhesive glycoprotein (contains about 5% carbohydrates) Family of closely related proteins
29
Fibronectin solubility
Can be soluble, insoluble or partialy soluble → caused by alternative splicing of the same gene
30
Fibronectin roles
1. Maintain cell shape 2. Possible role in cancer 3. Blood clotting (soluble form) 4. Wound healing → guides immune cells to wound 5. Cell migration
31
Laminins are mainly located where?
Basal laminae
32
Basal lamina
Separates ECM from epithelial cells
33
Basal lamina roles
1. Structural support 2. Permeability barrier (acts as filter in kidney) 3. Cell migration (may allow migration of cancer cells)
34
Matrix remodeling is most active at?
Sites of abundance-cellular sources: 1. Cartilage: chondrocytes 2. Bone: osteocytes, osteoblasts 3. Tendon: teniacytes (fibrocytes) 4. Cornea: fibrocytes
35
Enzymes which degrade ECM
1. Metalloproteinases | 2. Serine proteases:
36
2 ways to stop ECM degradation
1. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP1, 2, 3, 4) → ireversible 2. Serine protease inhibitors
37
Polypeptide chains found in collagen are high in?
1. Glycine 2. Hydroxylysine 3. Hydroxyproline
38
Metalloproteinases
Specific for 1 ECM component Requires zinc or calcium
39
Serine proteases
Cleave protein sequences at serine residues → work with metalloproteinases
40
Fibronectin's role in cancer
Carcinomas are unable to synthesize fibronectins → cell detaches from ECM
41
Type I collagen is found where?
1. Skin 2. Bones 3. Tendons 4. Ligaments
42
Collagen cross linking with aged animals
Can become abnormal → loss of joint function
43
2 forms of hyaluronate
Proteoglycan (backbone in cartilage) or free molecule
44
Basal lamina surrounds what types of cells?
1. Muscle 2. Fat 3. Schwann cells
45
Composition of basal lamina
Thin sheet (50 nm) of EC material

Physiology Exam 3 (9 decks)

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