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opthalmology > eye basicsa > Flashcards

eye basicsa Flashcards

1
Q

what is the fascia surrounding the eye bal ?

A

tenons fascia

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2
Q

what parts of the eye are covered by tenon’s fascia ?

A

the entire eyeball except the cornea

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3
Q

which part of tenons fascia forms the ligament ?

A

reflection of the fascia on the lateral and meedial rectus muscle form the check ligaments

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4
Q

what are the three main layers compromising the eye ?

A

the fibrous layer
the vascular layer
nervous layer

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5
Q

what are the components of the fibrous layer ?

A

sclera and the cornea

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6
Q

what are the features of the cornea ?

A

avascular
no lymphatics
but has a sensory innervation

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7
Q

what is the limbus ?

A

the junction between the clear cornea and the opaque sclera

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8
Q

what is the function of thee limbus ?

A

allows for the migration of new cells to maintain integrity of the cornea
aqueous humor outflow
site of surgical inscision

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9
Q

what compartments are present in the eye

A

anterior and posterior segment
anterior segment is further divided into the anterior and posterior chamber

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10
Q

what are the contents of each the anterior and the posterior segment ?

A

the anterior segment contains aqueous humor
the posterior compartment contains vitreous humor

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11
Q

what muscles allow for thee pupillary light reflex to occur ?

A

pupillary dilator muscles
pupillary constrictor muscles

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12
Q

what muscles are innervated by the oculomotor nerve?
somatic

A

levator palpebral muscles
superior rectus muscle
medial recutus musclee
inferior oblique

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13
Q

what does argylle’s robertson syndrome describe ?

A

intact near reflex
loss of pupillary light reflex

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14
Q

when can argylle’s robertson syndrome be seen ?

A

neurosyphilis

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15
Q

what are the parasympathetic functions of the oculomotor nerve ?

A

innervation of the ciliary body
allows for constriction of the pupil sphincter pupillae

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16
Q

what are the features of the lens ?

A

avascular, asensory, onion like lamellar structure

17
Q

what is cataract ?

A

affection of thee leens in which it becomes opaque and white in colour

18
Q

how is the shape of the lens affected ?

A

1- when the ciliary muscles contract and the suspensory ligaments are lax the lens becomes more globular
2- when the ciliary muscles relax and the suspensory ligaments are taught the lens becomes more flat

19
Q

what are zonular fibres ?

A

fibres attached to the lens to keep it suspended
a group of zonular fibres are called suspensory ligament

20
Q

which muscles aid n the accomodation/near reflex ?

A

the ciliary muscles

21
Q

where is the aqueous humor produced ?

A

by the ciliary body

22
Q

where is thee aqueous humor normally draineed ?

A

in the trabecular meshwork and schlemm’s canal

23
Q

what happens when there is an obstruction in the outflow of thee aqueous humor ?

A

glaucoma

24
Q

what are the features that are seen on fundus examination ?

A

optic disc
macula
retinal vessels

25
Q

what is the blood supply of the retina and the choroid ?

A

ophthalmic artery
which comes from the internal carotid artery

26
Q

what is the venous drainagee of the eye ?

A

thee superior and inferior ophthalmic vein which drain towards the cavernous sinus in the pterygoid plexus

27
Q

what is the disease of microaneurysms in relation to the eye ?

A

diabetes

28
Q

what are the types of diabetic retinopathies ?

A

proliferative and non proliferative

29
Q

what are the contents of the cavernous sinus ?

A

OTOMAI
oculomotor
trochlear
opthalmic of facial
maxillary of facial
abducens
internal carotid

30
Q

what test is used to check for strabismus ?

A

Hirschberg test - corneal light reflex

31
Q

what are the types of strabismus ?

A

esotropia
exotropia
hypertropia
hypotropia

32
Q

what are the possible causes of pseudostrabismus ?

A

epicanthus
hypertelorism

33
Q

what is the most common complication of diabetic retinopathy ?

A

retinal detachment

34
Q

affection of the limbus

A

limbal stem cell deficiency

opthalmology (14 decks)

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