Eye Conditions - What/Causes Flashcards by Hannah I

What is Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)

Blockage of the meibomian glands

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What is the cause of MGD?

When the glands in your eyelids are blocked or obstructed.

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What is Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis (GPC)? (3)

Papillae (nipple) on tarsal, cobblestone appearance
Conjunctival Redness
Conjunctival Oedema

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What can cause GPC? (3)

Excess lens movement
Coated contact lens
Mucus discharge

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What is a Pinguecula? (3)

Fat cysts on sclera
Yellow/Pink Growth
Common

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What can cause Pingueculas? (4)

UV
Dust
Wind
UV exposure

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What is a Pterygium? (3)

A growth that usually starts nasally
Can grow onto the cornea
Asymptomatic

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What can cause Pterygium? (4)

UV
Dust
Wind
People who spend time outdoors

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What is Blepharitis? (2)

Dandruff on eyelashes
2 types bacterial inflammation + sebaceous inflammation

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What can cause Blepharitis? (4)

Allergies
Poor Hygiene
Sebaceous - Oily eyelids/ lashes, swollen and/or itchy lids
Bacterial - crusty lids, yellow discharge, red lids

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What is a Hordeolum/Stye? (2)

Red, painful bump on eyelid
Normally on edge of eyelid

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What can cause a Hordeolum/Stye? (2)

Infection
Plugged Sebaceous glands (hair follicle)

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What is a Chalazian? (2)

Painless bump in your eyelid
Usually upper lid

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What can cause Chalazians? (3)

Blocked oil glands
Chronic blepharitis
Viral Infection

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What is a corneal ulcer?

Erosion or open sore on cornea

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What can cause corneal ulcers? (6)

Can be Bacterial, Viral, Parasite or Fungal infections.
Corneal Abrasion, foreign body imbedded in CL
Improper Hygiene
Cls Worn Overnight
Abuse of Cls
Cls solution contaminated

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What is Keratoconus? (2)

Degenerative disease of the cornea
Cornea gets thinner + bulges forward

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What can cause keratoconus? (2)

Genetics
Eye Rubbing - hayfever, eczema, atopic dermatitis

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What is an imbedded foreign body?

Something stuck in eye

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What can cause an imbedded foreign body? (3)

Accident
Projectile/ Blow to the eye
Something trapped by cl or lids

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What is Conjunctivitis/Pink Eye? (5)

Inflammation
Red and Itchy eyes
Discharge
Eyelids can be hard to open after sleep due to crusty eyes
No pain to Painful

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What can cause Conjunctivitis/ Pink Eye? (3)

Allergic reaction (to atmosphere/chemical/ medicine)
Bacterial Infections (Yellow)
Viral Infections

What is Corneal Vascularization?

Superficial vessels from conjunctiva to complete encroachment.

What are types of Corneal Vascularization? (3)

Superficial
Deep Stromal
Corneal vascular pannus (limbus to peripheral of cornea)

What is Arcus Senilis? (4)

White/Grey/ Yellow ring around the corneal margin (limbus) Mostly seen in the elderly Will not go away Asymptomatic

What can be the cause of Arcus Senilis?(3)

Aging Fatty Deposits High Cholesterol

What is a corneal abrasion?

Minor trauma to ocular surface

What can cause corneal abrasions? (3)

Foreign body Insertion and removal of cls Rubbing with alot of pressure

What is a Corneal Dendrites? (2)

Very Painful Dendrite branch like lesions

What can cause Corneal Dendrites? (2)

Herpes simplex virus Epithelium break down

What is Expothalmos?

Eyeballs bulging/ protruding

What can cause Expothalmos?

Hyperthyroidism (Grave's Disease)

What is Distichiasis?

More than one row of eyelashes (can turn inwards)

What is Trichiasis?

Eye lashes no longer point outwards but instead point inwards and rub on the eyeball

What can cause Distichiasis?

Congenital or acquired

What can cause Trichiasis? (2)

Entropion Eyelid Injuries

What is Ectropion ?

Where the lower eyelid droops away from the eye and turns outwards

What can cause Ectropion? (2)

Lid Edema Bell's Palsy (CN VII - cranial nerve 7 - Facial nerve)

What is Entropion?

Where your eyelid turns in and causes your eyelashes to rub against the cornea

What can cause Entropion? (5)

Muscle Weakness Scars and previous surgeries Eye infections Inflammation Development complications

What is Ptosis?

Drooping of the eyelid (mostly upper eyelid) in Adults and Children

What can cause Ptosis?

Third Nerve Palsy

What is a Cataract?

Cloudiness of crystalline lens

What is happening in the lens when you have cataracts?

When the proteins in the lens break down over time and clump together

What is Coloboma?

Part of the tissue that makes up the eye is missing

What can cause Coloboma? (2)

Genetic Trauma

What is a subconjunctival Hemorrhage?

occurs when a tiny blood vessel breaks just underneath the conjunctiva

What can cause a Subconjunctival Hemorrhage? (3)

It can happen for no reason On impact (punched) Excessive force (lifting)

What is a Superficial Punctate Keratits/Staining ? (2)

corneal inflammation with scattered, fine, punctate corneal epithelial loss or damage Fluorescein staining shows it on the corneal surface

What can cause Superficial Punctate Keratits/Staining ? (3)

Contact lens solution-sensitive Poor lens fit Severe dry eye

What is Limbal Injection?

Increase in blood vessels around the Limbus

What can cause Limbal Injection? (2)

Dry Eyes Irritation

What is a corneal dellen? (4)

Dimple or dry spot on the cornea saucer shaped irritation foreign body sensation

what can cause corneal dellens? (2)

Interruptions to the tear film surgery on cornea