Eye/ Ear

Question 1

Refractive Errors

Answer 1

Non-surgical corrections
- Corrective lenses
- Contacts
Surgical corrections
- PRK
-LASIK

Question 2

Infections/ Inflammatory Eye Disorders: Nursing Care

Answer 2

Assessment

• Symptoms: local, systemic
• Structures of the eye
• Vision/ corrective lens use (Snellen chart; Rosenbaum chart)
• Injury, exposure

Question 3

Infections/ Inflammatory Eye Disorders: Medications

Answer 3

Topical anti-infectives
Antihistamines
Corticosteroids
Mydriatics

Question 4

Infections/ Inflammatory Eye Disorders: Nursing Care

Answer 4

Nursing Diagnoses

• Risk for disturbed sensory perception: visual r/t diminished or absent vision
• Pain r/t irritation or infection
• Risk for injury r/t altered visual acuity

Question 5

Infections/ Inflammatory Eye Disorders: Nursing Care

Answer 5

Evaluation
- Eye appearance/ vision
- Client's psychomotor skills (eyedrops, contact lens care, eye cleansing)
- Vision
- Client and/or family are able to verbalize:
Prevention
Irrigation procedure
Medications
Patches
Intraocular pressure

Question 6

Cataracts

Answer 6

Opthalamoscopic exam
- Lens changes; loss of red reflex
Elective surgery
- Lens removal
- Intraocular lens implant

Question 7

Eye Surgery - Nursing Care

Answer 7

Preoperative care
- Routine preop care
- Assessing vision
- Reinforcement of postop restrictions
Postoperative care
- VS, pain control
- Dressings/ patch/ shield
- Positioning
- Prevent increase in intraocular pressure
- Report sudden eye pain

Question 8

Glaucoma

Answer 8

Diagnostic tests:
- Tonometry
- Gonioscopy
Drug Therapy
Surgery
- Laser trabeculoplast
- Cyclocryotherapy
- Laser iridotomy

Question 9

Glaucoma - Nursing Care

Answer 9

Assessment

• Identify clients at risk
• Changes in vision
• Family Hx of glaucoma
• Inspection of eye structures
• Visual fields

Question 10

Glaucoma: Medications

Answer 10

Adrenergic Agonists
- Iopidine
Beta blockers
- Betagan
- Timoptic
Prostaglandin analogs
- Xalatan
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- Diamox

Question 11

Glaucoma: Nursing Care

Answer 11

Diagnoses

• Ineffective Health Maintenance r/t inconvenience and side effects of medication
• Risk for injury r/t visual acuity deficits
• Anxiety r/t loss of vision

Question 12

Detached Retina: Nursing Care

Answer 12

Assessment

• Sudden changes in vision
• Client knowledge level
• Treatment planned

Question 13

Detached Reinta: Treatment

Answer 13

Positioning
Air into vitreous cavity
Laser or cryotherapy
Scleral buckling

Question 14

Detached Retina: Nursing Care

Answer 14

Diagnoses

• Ineffective tissue perfusion: retinal
• Anxiety

Question 15

Eye Trauma: Nursing Cre

Answer 15

Assessment:

• Type of trauma: corneal abrasion, burns, perforations, trauma
• Vision
• Pain

Question 16

Eye Trauma

Answer 16

Eye inspection/ examination
Fluorescein staining
Opthalamoscopic examination
Facial x-rays/ CT scan
Eye irrigation
Surgery

Question 17

Eye Trauma: Nursing Care

Answer 17

Diagnoses:

• Impaired tissue integrity: ocular
• Pain
• Anxiety

Question 18

Ear Surgery: Nursing Care

Answer 18

Assessment:

• Symptoms: onset, duration
• URI history
• Pain: exacerbating/ alleviating factors
• Hearing
• Visual inspection: otoscope

Question 19

Otitis Media: Pharmacology

Answer 19

Decongestants
Antibiotics
Analgesics

Question 20

Otitis Media: Surgical Interventions

Answer 20

Tympanocentesis
Myringotomy & tympanostomy (tubes)
Mastoidectomy

Question 21

Ear Surgery: Nursing Care

Answer 21

Preoperative Care

• Routine preop care
• Assess hearing
• Plan communication strategies
• Explain postop restrictions

Question 22

Ear Surgery: Nursing Care

Answer 22

Postoperative care

• Assess bleeding/ drainage/ hearing
• Control nausea
• Positioning
• Safety
• Home care instructions

Question 23

Ear Surgery: Nursing Care

Answer 23

Diagnoses

• Pain
• Deficient knowledge: antibiotic therapy
• Impaired tissue integrity

Question 24

Inner Ear Disorders: Nursing Care

Answer 24

Assessment

• Balance/ safety
• Hearing
• Nystagmus
• Nutritional status
• Sleep/ rest/ activity

Question 25

Inner Ear Disorders

Answer 25

``` Diagnostic testing - Electromystagmography - X-rays/ CT scan - Glycerol test Pharmacology - Antihistamines - Anticholinergics - Benzodiazepines ```

Question 26

Inner Ear Disorders: Treatmentq

Answer 26

``` Symptom management Control environmental stimuli Bed rest; decreased movement Dietary changes, tobacco, alcohol, caffeine Surgery ```

Question 27

Inner Ear Disorders: Nursing Care

Answer 27

Diagnoses - Risk for trauma - Disturbed sleep pattern

Question 28

Hearing Loss

Answer 28

``` Diagnostic tests: - Rinne test; Weber test - Audiometry Treatment: - Amplification (Hearing aid; pocket talkers) Surgery: - Cochlear implant ```

Question 29

Hearing Loss

Answer 29

Assess: - Obstruction of the ear canal - Perforated eardrum - Damage to ossicles - Fluid/ scarring/ tumors - Trauma/ infection - Meniere's disease - Ototoxic medications - Noise exposure: major cause

Question 30

Hearing Loss: Nursing Care

Answer 30

Diagnoses - Impaired verbal communication - Disturbed sensory perception: auditory - Social isolation

Question 31

Hearing Loss: Nursing Care

Answer 31

``` Evaluation: Observation of: - Social behaviour, anxiety and stress level - Absence of coping behaviours Clients knowledge of: - Hearing aid use - Community resources ```

Question 32

Hearing Loss: Nursing Care

Answer 32

Assessment: - Voice volume - Body language (cupping ear, turning head) - Changes in social participation - Visual inspection - Hearing tests