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Phys Exam 1 > Eye Exam (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Eye Exam (Exam 3) Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

What is A?

A

medial canthus

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2
Q

What is B?

A

lateral canthus

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3
Q

What is C?

A

pupil

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4
Q

What is D?

A

iris

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5
Q

What is E?

A

corneal arcus/limbus

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6
Q

What is F?

A

epicanthus/ epicanthal fold

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7
Q

What is A?

A

retina

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8
Q

What is B?

A

optic disc (blind spot)

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9
Q

What is C?

A

blood vessels

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10
Q

What is D?

A

lens

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11
Q

What is E?

A

cornea

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12
Q

What is F?

A

macula/fovea

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13
Q

Ring around pupil that happens as you age or with cholesterol problems

A

corneal arcus/limbus

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14
Q

What is the fancy word for crossed eyes?

A

strabismus

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15
Q

-both eyes do not work together at the same time and same direction
-cause is usually from a nerve injury or eye muscle dysfunction

A

strabismus

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16
Q

What is nystagmus?

A

-uncontrolled jittering of the eyes - can be in any direction –> cerebellar lesion
-problem w/ visual cortex at the back of the brain –> cerebal cortex and superior colliculus

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17
Q

what are some causes for nystagmus?

A

-stroke (most common)
-multiple sclerosis
-head injury
-alcohol/drugs
-cataracts
-strabismus
-inner ear infection

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18
Q

What is the word for uneven pupils?

A

anisocoria

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19
Q

what are some causes for anisocoria?

A

-eye trauma
-concussion
-brain tumor
-aneurysm
-meningitis
-seizures
-optic nerve inflammation

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20
Q

what is Ambliopia

A

-lazy or wondering eye
-brain fails to process the input from 1 eye and favors the good eye

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21
Q

what is diploplia?

A

double vision -> 2 images of the same object

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22
Q

what are some causes of diploplia

A

-myasthenia gravis
-Guillan Barre
-cataracts
-infections
-trauma
-migraines
-tumors
-dryness
-intraocular pressure

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23
Q

what is xanthelasma?

A

-yellow lipid plaque on eyelids
–> usually on the medial side

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24
Q

What are some of the main case hx questions for the eye?

A

-do you wear contacts/glasses? –> near/far sighted?
-family hx of eye disease?
-any systemic illnesses (hypertension and diabetes mellitus)?
-there are more but you get the idea

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25
what are the 6 main symptoms of the eye?
-loss of vision -pain -diplopia -tearing or dryness -discharge -redness
26
what is near sightedness
myopia
27
what is far sightedness
hyperopia
28
what is presbyopia
change in vision with aging
29
what are cataracts?
clouding of the lens -can cause vision loss dependent on the location
30
what are floaters?
-1+ spot(s) drifting in visual field --> condensations in vitreous casting shadow on the retina
31
T/F: floaters are clinically significant
FALSE
32
what is it called when: WBC's stack up and cause a "clearing zone" --> RBCs slow down behind them
entroptic phenomena "flying flies" -look like white spots when looking at a blue field
33
what is a scotoma
-loss of vision in a defined location -"blind spot" PERMANENT
34
what is the clinical significance of a scotoma?
could be caused by: -glaucoma -optic nerve problem -visual path disturbances
35
What areas of the eyes should you look at during the inspection portion of the exam?
-any unusual lesions -swellings/lumps -eyebrows -eyelids -lashes -globe/orientaion
36
What are the examples of swellings/lumps we need to know?
-pinguecula -chalazion -hordeolum/sty -dacrocystitis -lacrimal gland enlargement -xanthelasma -basal cell epithelioma -blepharitis (lid margin disease)
37
What is a Pinguecula? how do you get it?
-yellow triangular nodule in bulbar conjunctiva -deposits of fat/proteins from chronic irritation or sun damagae
38
what is a chalazion? where is it located?
chronic inflammatory granulomatous enlargement of an oil producing gland -Location: eyelid but further from the edge than a sty would be
39
what is a hordeolum/sty? where is it located?
-painful, tender, red nodule around a hair follicle -usually a bacterial infection and can have pus Location: edge of the eyelid
40
what is dacrocystitis
inflammation of the lacrimal sac -usually from crying
41
what are some of the causes of lacrimal gland enlargement? (common and rare)
-most common: unilateral inflammation and bacterial infection -viral: mumps, epstein-barr RARE CAUSES: -lymphoproliferative disorders -autoimmune disorders (sarcoidosis, sjogrens)
42
what does basal cell epithelioma look like? where is it located?
-papule w/ pearl border + depressed ulcerated center -usually on lower lid
43
what are the symptoms of blepharitis?
-scales/crust on eyelid surface -burning around lids -blurred vision -greasy eyelids -red/swollen lids -excessive tearing -itching -photophobia
44
What are the 3 different eyebrow abnormal observations/their meanings?
-scaly flakes --> seborrheic dermatits -missing lateral 1/3 --> hypothyroidism -quantitative loss --> aging
45
when would you see exopthalmia
bilateral: grave's disease (hyperthyroidism) unilateral: tumor or inflamed orbit
46
what is the difference between exopthalmia and eye position/alignment of parkinson's?
exo: iris will be fully surrounded by white conjunctiva parkinson's: white conjunctiva is only seen BELOW the iris
47
what is ptosis?
weakness or paralysis of levator muscle --> CN III involvement
48
T/F: A pancoast tumor can cause ptosis?
true
49
what is an epicanthus?
-vertical fold over medial canthus -normal in Asian ethnicity -Congenital: down's syndrome + fetal alcohol syndrome
50
what are some causes for periorbital edema?
-nephrotic syndrome -allergies -inflammation -crying -myxedema (Hashimotos)
51
what is the difference between entropion and ectropion?
Entropion: eyelashes are turned inward --> ittitating the cornea Ectropion: eyelashes are turned outward --> leads to infection and tearing bc punctum can no longer drain tears
52
when and why does herniated fat occur around the eye?
-occurs w/ aging -weak fascia around eyes bulges and sags
53
what does PERRLA stand for
Pupils equal round, react to light and accommodation
54
T/F: contacts change pupil size
true... ish change can be seen by examiner but not a true physiological change
55
What is it called when the pupils are unequal?
Anisocoria -can be congenital or CNS injury
56
What is horner's syndrome aka bernard syndrome
-pathology of CN 3 sympathetic branch -PAM: ptosis, anhydrosis, miosis -pupil will still react to light and accomdate
57
what is Argyll Robertson pupil?
aka prostitute pupil -small, irreg pupil -can accommodate but doesn't react to light
58
what is the clinical significance of argyll robertson pupil?
sign of tertiary syphilis
59
what is tonic pupil aka Adie's pupil?
-segmental palsy of sphincter muscles -dysfunction of the ciliary ganglion (parasympathetic denervation) -large, reg pupil on 1 side
60
what is Mydriasis? what are some causes?
-fixed, dilated pupil -stim of sympathetic nervous system -trauma -profound hypoxia -severe brain damage
61
what is Miosis? what are some causes?
-fixed, constricted pupil -narcotic usage -damage to the pons -pilocarpine drops (glaucoma treatment)
62
what is conjunctiva?
the mucous membrane that covers the eye -normal: clear, over lids: pink, over sclera: white -pale: anemia --> especially over outer canthus -bright red: inflammation

Phys Exam 1 (14 decks)

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