Eye Pathologies Flashcards
(30 cards)
What causes conjunctivitis?
bacteria, viral infections, allergies, irritation
what is conjunctivitis?
pink eye
-very contagious
-can have discharge
what causes a subconjunctival hemorrhage?
-trauma
-coughing
-sneezing
-vomiting
-bleeding disorders
-basically anything that increases venous pressure
what population is the most at risk for a subconjunctival hemorrhage?
old people who are also on blood thinners
what is a ciliary injection?
-deeper vessels of the eye are dilated and seen as radiating from the limbus
**requires medical attention
what causes a ciliary injection?
injury, infection, iritis, acute glaucoma
T/F: acute glaucoma is not a medical emergency
FALSE! Refer those patients immediately
List the pathologies that would cause the sclera to turn yellow
(long list)
–jaundice
–Liver diseases: hepatitis, cirrhosis, alcoholism, infectious mononucleosis
–Some anemias: hemolytic, sickle-cell, pernicious
–renal failure
why would the sclera turn red?
trauma
what pathology causes the sclera to turn blue?
-osteogenesis imperfecta (connective tissue deficiency)
-inherited problem with type 1 collagen
what are the main signs of osteogenesis imperfecta?
-weak bones
-blue sclera
-early deafness –> bc the ear bones break
why would the sclera turn brown?
-Alkaptonuria –> ochronosis
-can be normal brown pigment in elderly African Americans
what is alkaptonuria?
abnormal metabolism of amino acids involving tyrosine and phenylalanine w/ a build up of homogentistic acid
what is corneal arcus/arcus senilis
-gray ring at limbus
-non-pathological: elderly ppl
-pathological: hyperlipidemial
-unilateral: decreased blood flow from coronary artery disease
what would cause a corneal scar?
trauma, herpes, pencil, etc….
vision is fine unless the scar is over pupil
what is a pterygium?
-triangular thickening of bulbar conjunctiva growing slowly across outer surface of the cornea
-may interfere w/ vision
what causes a pterygium?
-sun exposure –> living close to the equator
-particles in eye –> sand, dust, etc.
-wind
what are kayser-fletcher rings?
aka hepatolenticular disease
-gray/green or reddish gold rings around the iris
-copper deposits from cogenital conditions like Wilson’s disease
what would cause a ground glass appearance of the cornea?
-congenital syphilis
-lyme disease
-epstein-barr virus
-rare causes: herpes, TB, aquired syphilis, cogan’s syndrome
what are the manifestations of Hurler’s syndrome aka Mucopolylsaccharides (MPS)
(there’s so many -_-)
-***corneal clouding
-claw-like hands
-organ enlargement
-macroglossia
-hydrocepahlus
-short neck…. lol
-frontal bossing
-hearing problems
-short stature
what is chemosis? what are some causes?
-swelling or bubbling up area on cornea
-main cause: non-specific irritation
-causes: allergies, virla infections, angioedema
what type of hypersenitivity is angioedema?
type 1
what are the 3 types of cataracts?
-nuclear/central
-peripheral/cortical
-subcapsular
which cataract is this:
gray opacity appearing black against the red reflex
nuclear/central
