Eye lecture/quiz

Question 1

what is asthenopia

Answer 1

Eye strain

Question 2

what are possible symptoms of asthenopia

Answer 2

*Eye fatigue
*Weakness
*Pain
*Headache “eyestrain headache”
*Dim vision
*Lacrimation

Question 3

what are floaters

Answer 3

usually harmless debris that floats in and out of the field of vision

Question 4

T/F: floaters may be seen more in certain lights

Answer 4

True

Question 5

if floaters are recent or severe, what can it indicate

Answer 5

retinal traction

Question 6

double vision that occurs with the loss of eye muscle balance or function. What is this called?

Answer 6

Diplopia

Question 7

What are 3 causes for Diplopia?

Answer 7

*Diabetic neuropathy
*Myasthenia gravis
*Thyroid disorders

Question 8

What is the technical term for aversion to light?

Answer 8

Photophobia

Question 9

What causes photophobia?

Answer 9

*Systemic infections actually a myalgia when the ciliary body is forced to contract out of its normal resting iris of dilation
*Migraine

Question 10

What is nyctalopia and what is its common name?

Answer 10

inability to see well at night or in poor light. Typically is a symptom of underlying disease.
AKA night blindness

Question 11

What causes Nyctalopia?

Answer 11

Cataracts or medications

Question 12

When the skin and bilateral eyes have a yellowish hue

Answer 12

Jaundice

Question 13

when inspecting the eyelashes, what are you looking for

Answer 13

*Curved in (entropian) / out (ectropian), inflamed, crusting, edema, masses

Question 14

when inspecting the conjunctiva and sclera, what are you looking for

Answer 14

Color, bleeding, nodules, swelling

Question 15

when inspecting the cornea and lens, what are you looking for

Answer 15

opacity

Question 16

What is the red reflex?

Answer 16

Reddish-orange reflection of light from the retina

Question 17

What benign and patholgical causes can interrupt the red reflex?

Answer 17

benign: mucus in the eye that resolves with blinking

pathology:
MC: cataracts affecting the lens opacity
tumor

Question 18

What is the center of the retina called?

Answer 18

Macula

Question 19

The pit in the center of the Macula is the?

Answer 19

Fovea

Question 20

The optic nerve leaves the eye at the?

Answer 20

Optic Disk

Question 21

What is the optic cup?

Answer 21

The center of the optic nerve

Question 22

describe the normal border and color of the optic disc

Answer 22

fairly distinct border, pale, yellowish color

Question 23

size of the physiological cup?

Answer 23

less than half the size of the optic disk diameter

Question 24

normal variants related to the optic disc?

Answer 24

crescents
medulated/ myelinated fibers

Question 25

What is PERRLA

Answer 25

Pupils Equal Round Reactive to Light Accommodation

Question 26

What is being evaluated in the corneal light test?

Answer 26

Eye alignment & muscle balance

Question 27

What cranial nerves does the H pattern of gaze and lid lag assess?

Answer 27

CN 3, 5, & 6 3: oculomotor 5: trigeminal 6: abducens

Question 28

Cover and uncover test evaulates?

Answer 28

Eye alignment and muscles

Question 29

to assess peripheral vision you perform the?

Answer 29

Visual fields assessment

Question 30

Visual acuity test assesses CN?

Answer 30

2- optic

Question 31

When performing PERRLA you are looking for two things. What are they?

Answer 31

Direct response- light directly in eye causes pupil to constrict Indirect Response- pupil with indirect light constricts

Question 32

for the corneal light reflection test, what is considered abnormal and what does it indicate?

Answer 32

abnormal: light shines is different areas of the eyes indicates misalignment of the eyes such as strabismus

Question 33

describe lid lag

Answer 33

*As patient's eyes move from up to down, one side may be slower

Question 34

what does the superior rectus muscle do and what nerve is it

Answer 34

CN III oculomotor moves up and out

Question 35

Superior oblique eye muscle: what does it do and what nerve is it

Answer 35

CN 4 trochlear down and in

Question 36

Lateral rectus: what does it do and what nerve is it

Answer 36

CN VI abducens lateral movement

Question 37

Medial rectus: what does it do and what nerve is it

Answer 37

CN III Oculomotor medial movement

Question 38

Inferior oblique: what does it do and what nerve is it

Answer 38

CN III oculomotor up and in

Question 39

Inferior rectus: what does it do and what nerve is it

Answer 39

CN 3 oculomotor down and out

Question 40

when strabimus is suspected you should perform what test

Answer 40

Cover/Uncover test

Question 41

The visual fields test assess what specifically?

Answer 41

Blind spots such as with glaucoma

Question 42

Another name for scotoma is?

Answer 42

Blind spot

Question 43

describe a "stare" and cause

Answer 43

Abnormal elevation of upper eyelid * *White sclera shows above the iris * *Hyperthyroidism is classic cause

Question 44

what is ptosis

Answer 44

*Drooping of the eyelid *Eyelid overlaps iris but not pupil may be one eye or both

Question 45

what causes ptosis

Answer 45

Caused by: *Horner's syndrome *Myasthenia gravis *Facial nerve *Oculomotor nerve *Sympathetic nerves

Question 46

what is the difference between ectropian and entropian

Answer 46

ectropian: eye lashes turned out due to laxity of tarsal plate eversion entropian: eyelashes turn in due to spasticity of tarsal plate inversion

Question 47

ectropian and entropian: what population does this occur in

Answer 47

elderly

Question 48

what is blepharitis

Answer 48

*Swelling & inflammation along eyelid & eyelash follicles *Caused by infected or blocked oil glands

Question 49

what is chalazion

Answer 49

*A cyst or fibrotic reaction in a Meibomian gland

Question 50

what is a hordeolum

Answer 50

*An infection of one of the glands along the eyelashes "Sty"

Question 51

what is xanthelasma

Answer 51

yellow plaque commonly in the inner canthus area can be one side or both

Question 52

what is xanthelasma associated with

Answer 52

it is a lipid deposit associated with high cholesterol or triglycerids