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Physical Dx > Vitals Practical > Flashcards

Vitals Practical Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Hardening and thickening of arterial wall, decreases blood flow

A

Arteriosclerosis

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2
Q

Build up of waxy plaque which slowly blocks the lumen and decreases blood flow

A

Atherosclerosis

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3
Q

Abnormal sounds heard in arterial blood flow (typically no sound). It is heard as a swooshing sound heard over a peripheral artery

A

Bruit

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4
Q

Stricture or narrowing of
the wall of the aorta. This forces heart to pump harder, to get blood through the opening.

A

Coarctation

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5
Q

Normal temperature range is 97.5-98.9 degrees F. What is the “normal temp average?

A

98.6 degrees F

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6
Q

Name 4 things that can cause an inaccurate elevated temperature reading

A

drinking warm beverage
Recent strenuous activity
Warm bath
Smoking

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7
Q

What can cause inacurate low temp readings?

A

Incomplete closure of mouth
Breathing through the mouth
drinking cold things
Tachypnea of more than 20 breaths per minute

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8
Q

defined as fever
* Body temperature is elevated above one’s normal temperature
* One definition-If the oral temperature reaches 99 °F in a patient at bedrest
* Infection, heat exhaustion, malignancy, medications

A

Pyrexia

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9
Q

extreme fever 106.7F
* Bleeding on the brain, infection, sepsis, immune disorders

A

Hyperpyrexia

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10
Q

defined as fever of at least 101 F
* Lasts for more than 3 weeks
* No explanation despite thorough history and examination
* An occasional phenomenon

A

Fever of undetermined origin (FUO)

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11
Q

defined as overheated body

A

Hyperthermia

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12
Q

Result from involuntary muscle contractions that occur in response to a sudden lowering of body temperature below the prevailing set point. Subjective reports of shivering or shaking

A

Chills

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13
Q

low body temperature.
Occurs in:
Exposure to cold
Drug and alcohol intoxication Starvation
Hypothyroidism, hypoglycemia Paralysis
Severe metabolic acidosis

A

Hypothermia

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14
Q

What needs documented with a pulse?

A

Rate, rhythm, and amplitude

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15
Q

What are the options for rhythm in a pulse?

A

Regular, irregular, irregular with respiration

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16
Q

Amplitude in a pulse can be defined by?

A

Bounding, diminished amplitude

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17
Q

Pulse over 100 BPM is?

A

Tachycardia

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18
Q

What can cause Tachycardia?

A

*Electrolyte imbalance
*white coat/anxiety
* Emotional stress
* Smoking
* Exercise
* Alcohol / caffeine (large amounts)
* Medication side effects
* Heart related conditions:
* Hypertension
* Congenital heart issues
* Heart failure
* Cardiac arrhythmias
* Certain lung disease
* Fever
* Hypertension
* Thyroid disease (hyperthyroid)

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19
Q

Less than 60 BPM pulse

A

Bradycardia

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20
Q

What can cause bradycardia?

A

Electrolyte imbalance
Medications
Heart conditions
o Heart tissue damage related to aging
o Congenital heart defect o Infection of heart tissue
Inflammatory disease (rheumatic fever/lupus)
Hypothyroidism Obstructive sleep apnea

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21
Q

Define this arterial pulse & pressure-
Pressure of the pulse: normal Contour: smooth and rounded

A

Normal pulse

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22
Q

Define this arterial pulse & pressure-

Pressure of the pulse: increased
Contour: rapid rise and fall, peak brief

Causes: increased stroke volume, decreased peripheral resistance (fever, anemia, and hyperthyroidism all potential causes), and decreased compliance (aging and atherosclerosis common offenders).

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A

Large/Bounding Pulse

23
Q

Define this arterial pulse & pressure-

Pressure of the pulse: diminished
Contour: upstroke slow, peak prolong

Causes: decreased stroke volume (heart failure), hypovolemia, aortic stenosis, an increased peripheral resistance (cold exposure and congestive heart failure can cause this.

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A

Small/weak pulse

24
Q

Define this arterial pulse & pressure-

Pressure of the pulse: increased
Contour: double systolic peak

Causes: aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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A

Bisferiens Pulse

25
Define this arterial pulse & pressure- Pressure of the pulse: alternates Contour: amplitude varies, rhythm same Cause: left ventricular failure
Pulsus Alternans
26
Define this arterial pulse & pressure- Pressure of the pulse: no change Contour: amplitude decreased with inspiration (10mmHg+) Causes: hypothyroidism, fluid in heart (pericardial tamponade, constrictive pericarditis, obstructive lung disease)
Paradoxical Pulse
27
no breath
Apnea
28
breathing rate is slow
Bradypnea
29
rapid rate of > 20 rpm, shallow depth, regular rhythm
tachypnea
30
May see with hyperpnea * Deep rapid respirations due to metabolic acidosis * Attempt to blow off CO2 in an attempt to alkalinize the body * Sometimes called “air hunger”
Kussmaul breathing
31
difference between tachypnea and hyperpnea is the ____
depth
32
Rate: rapid rate of > 20 rpm Rhythm: regular Depth: shallow * Anxiety * restrictive lung disease * pleuritic chest pain
Tachypnea
33
Rate: rapid rate of > 20 rpm Rhythm: regular Depth: Deep respirations of increased volume per breath * Exercise * Anxiety * metabolic acidosis.
Hyperpnea
34
Rate: slow Rhythm: regular Depth: regular * diabetic coma * drug-induced respiratory depression * increased intracranial pressure.
Bradypnea
35
Rate: alternating Rhythm: alternating Depth: alternating * Alternating deep breathing with apnea * Causes: coma, metabolic encephalopathy, heart failure, uremia & brain damage.
Cheyne- Stokes
36
Rate: unpredictable Rhythm: variable Depth: variable * Breathing is unpredictable and irregular. * May be shallow or deep * Can have apnea * Causes include: respiratory depression & brain damage
Ataxic/Biot’s
37
Rate: regular Rhythm: regular Depth: frequent increases in depth * Breathing with frequent sighs. * Hyperventilation is a common cause of sighing * Can cause dyspnea & dizziness. * Occasional sighs are normal
Sighing Respiration
38
Rate: regular Rhythm: prolong expiration Depth: shallow * Prolonged expiration * Causes include: asthma, chronic bronchitis & COPD. * Narrowed pathways from obstructive lung disease causes ↑ resistance
Obstructive Respiration
39
the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
Pulse Pressure
40
Sounds heard during the taking of blood pressure
Korotkoff sounds
41
Temporary silent interval between systolic and diastolic sounds
Auscultatory Gap
42
Systolic blood pressure can be measured two ways:
Palpatory (using palpation) Auscultatory (using stethoscope)
43
6 Factors that influence blood pressure
* Age * Gender * Technique of examination * Physical exertion * Emotional tension * Pain
44
* Systolic 120-129 mmHg * And diastolic less than 80 mmHg
Elevated BP
45
* Systolic 130-139 * OR diastolic 80-89mmHg
Stage 1 Hypertension
46
* Systolic >140 mmHg * OR diastolic >90 mmHg
Stage 2
47
3 things that can cause hypertension?
Kidney Disease, Adrenal Disease, Vascular disease
48
* >180/>120 mmHg * No evidence of organ damage
Urgency Hypertension
49
* >180/>120 mmHg * Evidence of organ damage
Emergency Hypertension
50
systolic pressure of 90 to 100 mm Hg
Hypotension
51
* Change in position causes lightheadedness or fainting * May have previous history
Orthostatic hypotension
52
How do you diagnose hypertension?
Based on >2 readings obtained on >2 occasions
53
Rapid rate of breathing, >20 rpm, deep inspiration, regular rhythm
Hyperpnea

Physical Dx (3 decks)

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