Head, Neck, and Face Flashcards
(25 cards)
what are causes of neck malposition
Torticollis, ocular issues, or non-ocular issues such as: cerebral palsy, bony abnormalities, Parkinson’s, unilateral hearing loss
- Build-up of cerebrospinal fluid within ventricles of the brain
- Unusually large head
- Bulging fontanelle (soft spot) (infants)
Adults: skull may not distort. May have sx of: dementia, headache, unsteady walk, sudden falls, drowsiness, difficulty focusing eyes
Hydrocephalus
Abnormal or accelerated head
circumference
* Wider spacing between the eyes
* Narrow middle section of the face, including cheeks and nose area
* Broad lip and philtrum (the area between the nose with the lips
Down’s Syndrome
AKA osteodystrophia deformans
*Skull:
* Increased head size, front bone prominence
* Teeth may be loose
* Occurs also in pelvis, femur, lower legs
Paget’s disease
- Gradual enlargement of bones: face, jaw, extremities
- Signs:
- Head elongates
- Mandibular prognathism (jaw juts)
- Nose, lips, ears, forehead/brow, tongue: broader, larger and swollen
- May have gigantism
- Pituitary tumor produces too much growth hormone
Acromegaly
Signs:
* Increased head size, front bone
prominence, Jaw increased size
Paget’s Disease
Signs:
* head elongates, jaw juts,
nose/lips/tongue/forehead larger
Acromegaly
- Birth defect
- One or more of the joints between the bones of the infant’s skull closes prematurely, before the infant’s brain is fully formed
Signs: - Abnormal shape of the head
with asymmetry - May have bulging fontanelle (soft spot)
- May have bulging eyes
Craniosynostosis
- Puffiness and swollen appearance of face
- Possible causes:
- Myxedema (extreme Hypothyroidism)
- Preeclampsia (pregnancy) * Kidney disease
- May have swelling in entire body
Edematous
- Described as “chipmunk cheeks”
- Several causes * Mumps
- Tumor
- Bulimia nervosa
- Sialadenitis (infection)
Parotid gland enlargement
From excess cortisol
* Often iatrogenic (doctor induced)
* Facial signs
* Moon face
* Red cheeks
* May have acne, thinning hair
* Other signs
* Truncal obesity with striae
(purple)
* Buffalo hump
* Normal sized extremities
Cushing’s Disease
-Motor to facial expression.
If affected, may see facial paralysis
Cranial Nerve VII
Progressive nervous system disorder affecting movement
* Facial signs
* Mask like expression
* Less facial movements * Less animated
* Other signs
* Shuffling gait
Parkinson’s Disease
posterior placement of eye caused by hypothyroidism “set back”
Enophthalmos
anterior placement of eye caused by hyperthyroidism “bulging eyes”
Exophthalmos
outer 1/3 is thinning of hair, caused by hypothyroidism
Eyebrow
eyelid folds outwards age
Ectropion
eyelid folds inward Age
Entropion
drooping of eyelid (1 or both) Congenital, neurological, stroke
Ptosis
Pupil asymmetry Benign, trauma, Rx, etc
Anisocoria
Eyes do not align (wall eye, lazy eye)
Cranial nerve III, IV, VI eye muscles
Strabismus
Lazy eye
(type of strabismus) Cranial nerve III, IV, VI eye muscles
Amblyopia
indicates respiratory distress
nasal flaring
indicator of COPD
Pursed Lips
