Eye Trauma & Swellings

Question 1

Explain abnormal head posture

Answer 1

Adopted to improve: diplopia/BV, pain, VA

Composed of turn, elevation/depression and tilt

Question 2

Explain concomitant strabismus and its causes

Answer 2

deviation angle has no changes according to gaze direction (usually horizontal eso/exotropia)

Question 3

Explain incomitant strabismus

Answer 3

deviation angle differs depending on angle of gaze/which eye is fixating

Question 4

Describe 3 types of incomitant defects

Answer 4

Neurogenic: paresis/palsy, muscle nerve supply affected (III, IV, VI)

Mechanical: prevents normal muscle/glob movement/contraction ~ late stage thyroid disease, Duane’s, Brown’s

Myogenic: muscle affected, myasthenia gravis, early stage thyroid disease

Question 5

Explain fully accommodative strabismus

Answer 5

strabismus secondary to refractive error
onset between 2-5 years
hypermetropia (+2 to +7)
AC/A accommodation linked to convergence

Question 6

Describe possible treatment or concomitant squint principles

Answer 6

refractive error correction
treat amblyopia
orthoptic exercises
surgery

Question 7

Explain 2 types of nerve palsy

Answer 7

3rd: ischaemic causes, post. communicating artery aneurysm, orbital lesions (80% ischaemic palsies spare pupil, only 5% compressive palsies spare pupil)

4th: vertical diplopia (torsional), congenital, subarachnoid space syndrome

Cavernous sinus/orbita syndrome in both