Eyelid disorders Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is blepharitis?
Inflammation of the eyelid margins
What is the presentation of blepharitis?
It causes a gritty, itchy, dry sensation in the eyes. It can be associated with dysfunction of the Meibomian glands, which are responsible for secreting oil onto the surface of the eye. It can lead to styes and chalazions.
What’s the management of blepharitis?
Hot compression and gentle cleaning of the eyelid margins to remove debris using cotton wool dipped in sterilised water and baby shampoo
Lubricating eye drops
What is a ‘stye’?
Hordeolum externum is an infection of the glands of Zeis or glands of Moll. The glands of Moll are sweat glands at the base of the eyelashes. The glands of Zeis are sebaceous glands at the base of the eyelashes. A stye causes a tender red lump along the eyelid that may contain pus
How are styes treated?
Hot compresses and analgesia Topical antibiotics (chloramphenicol) If associated with conjunctivitis or persistent
What is a chalazion?
A chalazion occurs when a Meibomian gland becomes blocked and swells up. It is often called a Meibomian cyst. It presents with a swelling in the eyelid that is typically not tender. It can be tender and red.
What is the management of a chalazion?
Hot compress and analgesia Topical antibiotics
What is an entropion?
When the eyelid turns inwards with the lashes against the eyeball
This results in pain and can result in corneal damage and ulceration
What is the management of entropion?
Taping the eyelid down to prevent it turning inwards
Definitive management = surgical intervention.
Lubricating eye drops
Must refer to ophthalmology on same day
What is ectropion?
Where the eyelid turns outwards with the inner aspect of the eyelid exposed
usually affects the bottom lid
Can result in exposure keratopathy
What is the management of ectropion?
Mild cases may not require treatment. Regular lubricating eye drops are used to protect the surface of the eye. More significant cases may require surgery to correct the defect.
A same-day referral to ophthalmology is required if there is a risk to sight.
What is trichiasis?
Inward growth of the eyelashes
This results in pain and can result in corneal damage and ulceration
Management by a specialist to remove the eyelash (epilation).
Recurrent cases may require electrolysis, cryotherapy or laser treatment to prevent the lash regrowing
Same day ophthalmology referral if risk to sight
What is periorbital cellulitis?
Eyelid and skin infection in front of the orbital septum (in front of the eye)
Presents with swelling, redness and hot skin around the eyelids and eye
Essential to differentiate from orbital cellulitis (sight and life threatening emergency)
What is the treatment of periorbital cellulitis?
Systemic antibiotics (oral or IV). Preorbital cellulitis can develop into orbital cellulitis so vulnerable patients (e.g. children) or severe cases may require admission for observation while they are treated.
What is orbital cellulitis?
infection around the eyeball that involves tissues behind the orbital septum
What are the Key features that differentiate orbital cellulitis from periorbital cellulitis?
PAIN ON EYE MOVEMENT, reduced eye movements
Changes in vision, abnormal pupil reactions and forward movement of the eyeball (proptosis)
What is the management of orbital cellulitis?
Admission + IV antibiotics
May require surgery
