Eyelids and Adnexa

Question 1

Hordeolum

Answer 1

infection of eyelid gland
localized swelling, redness, inflammation
painful and tender
acute

Question 2

External Hordeolum

Answer 2

infection of eyelash follicle and it’s adjacent glands of Zeis and Moll

Question 3

Internal Hordeolum

Answer 3

infection of meibomian gland

Question 4

Treating Hordeolum

Answer 4

warm compress
antibiotics
pull lash inside if one present for better drainage
incision if bad enough

Question 5

Most common cause of a hordeolum

Answer 5

Staph aureus

Question 6

Increases chances for a hordeolum

Answer 6

chronic blepharitis, meibomian gland dysfunction, ocular rosacea

Question 7

Chalazion

Answer 7

sebum from meibomian glands released into tarsus and adjacent tissues
noninfectious inflammatory reaction
granulomatous/ firm
slow growth

Question 8

Treating Chalazion

Answer 8

warm compress
steroids
incision

Question 9

Recurrent Chalazion

Answer 9

possible neoplastic lesion

should be biopsied

Question 10

Poliosis

Answer 10

white eyelashes/ lack of pigmentation

Question 11

Trichiasis

Answer 11

lashes scratching cornea

Question 12

Madarosis

Answer 12

loss of lashes

Question 13

Causes of Madarosis

Answer 13

chronic blepharitis

basal cell carcinoma

Question 14

Causes of Poliosis

Answer 14

chronic blepharitis
drops
vitiligo

Question 15

Causes of Acquired Trichiasis

Answer 15

inflammation
chlamydia
age changes
injury- chemical burns

Question 16

Managing Trichiasis

Answer 16

epilation

fix lid- surgery

Question 17

Epiblepharon

Answer 17

extra growth of skin
common in Asians
can cause trichiasis

Question 18

Distichiasis

Answer 18

new growth of lashes from meibomian glands
congenital
acquired- metaplasia of meibomian glands

Question 19

Treating Distichiasis

Answer 19

epilation

lasers

Question 20

Trichomegaly

Answer 20

excessive growth of lashes

caused by drugs- prostaglandins

Question 21

Blepharitis

Answer 21

inflammation of the eyelids

Question 22

Anterior Blepharitis

Answer 22

affects the base of lashes
red, conj can be red as well
Staph or Seborrheic

Question 23

Staphylococcal Blepharitis

Answer 23

hard scales, crusts, collarettes

Question 24

Seborrheic Blepharitis

Answer 24

wet scales; greasy, sticky lashes

Question 25

Posterior Blepharitis

Answer 25

affects meibomian glands | looks capped with frothy/ foamy tear film

Question 26

Demodex

Answer 26

mites on lid that can cause both anterior and posterior blepharitis

Question 27

Treating Demodex

Answer 27

Tea Tree Oil

Question 28

Treating Blepharitis

Answer 28

``` lid scrubs warm compress expression antibiotic steroids ```

Question 29

Pthirus Pubis

Answer 29

lice that can reside in lashes and brows

Question 30

Diagnosing Pthirus Pubis

Answer 30

observation of either adults or egg cases

Question 31

Treatment of Pthirus Pubis

Answer 31

removal of lice and eggs | ointments to smother and kill

Question 32

Entropian

Answer 32

turning in of lid margin

Question 33

Involutional Entropian

Answer 33

age related | causes pseudo-trichiasis

Question 34

Cicatricial Entropian

Answer 34

scarring of palpebral conjuntiva pulls lid margin in

Question 35

Cause of Cicatricial Entropian

Answer 35

``` autoimmune inflammatory infectious surgical traumatic prognosis better with trauma + surgical ```

Question 36

Ectropian

Answer 36

lid margin turns out

Question 37

Treating Entropian

Answer 37

surgery

Question 38

Problems caused by ectropian

Answer 38

dry eye

Question 39

Involutional Ectropian

Answer 39

age related | causes epiphora- watery eyes

Question 40

Cicatricial Ectropian

Answer 40

scarring or contracting of skin from burns/ trauma

Question 41

Paralytic Ectropian

Answer 41

caused by facial nerve palsy

Question 42

Mechanical Ectropian

Answer 42

caused by tumors

Question 43

Treating Ectropian

Answer 43

surgery

Question 44

Muscles Responsible for Ptosis

Answer 44

levator palpebrae superiosis Muller's muscle frontalis muscle

Question 45

Ptosis from Levator Palpebrae Superioris

Answer 45

controlled by CN3 main muscle of eyelid retraction biggest ptosis

Question 46

Ptosis from Muller's Muscle

Answer 46

sympathetic innervation 1-2mm of elevation mild ptosis when fatigued or dysfunctional- Horner's

Question 47

Ptosis from Frontalis Muscle

Answer 47

inn by CN7 | patients will lift brow to elevate eyelids

Question 48

Neurogenic Ptosis

Answer 48

3rd nerve palsy, Horner's

Question 49

Myogenic Ptosis

Answer 49

myopathy of levator muscle or impaired transmission at neuromuscular junction- myasthenia gravis

Question 50

Aponeurotic Ptosis

Answer 50

often age related change

Question 51

Mechanical Ptosis

Answer 51

caused by weight or scarring

Question 52

Norms for Palpebral Fissure

Answer 52

7-12 mm upper lid 2mm above limbus lower lid 1 mm below limbus

Question 53

Dermatochalasis

Answer 53

extra skin in elderly | gives appearance of ptosis

Question 54

Management for Ptosis

Answer 54

surgery- limiting VF or cosmesis | treating systemic- MG