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Med Surg > Eyes/Ears > Flashcards

Eyes/Ears Flashcards

(87 cards)

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1
Q

aging eye

A

decreased acuity/ability to dilate/elasticity, blurry, cataracts

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2
Q

structural changes of the eye

A

decreased muscle tone

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3
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness

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3
Q

arcus senilis(structural change)

A

blue white rim around cornea from fat deposits

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3
Q

ectropion and dry eye (structural change)

A

drooping lower lid turning outward exposing more of the eye causing dry eye

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4
Q

near point of vision (functional change)

A

increases the ability to see close up

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4
Q

far point of vision (functional change)

A

decreases the ability to see far away

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4
Q

presbyopia

A

lens loses elasticity causing problems with nearsightedness

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5
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

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6
Q

astigmatism

A

curve of cornea is uneven causing blurred vision

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7
Q

refractive surgery

A

reshape corneal layer that takes up to 4 wks for best vision

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7
Q

non surgical corrections for refractive errors

A

corrective glasses or contacts

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8
Q

interventions for reduced vision

A

communication, safety, assisted ambulation, self care, support adapting

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8
Q

intraocular lens implantation

A

remove old lens and replace with new one (mostly for cataracts)

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9
Q

gerontologic considerations for visual impairment

A

low ability to function, confusion, poor compliance w meds

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10
Q

conjunctivitis

A

reddened eye that is very contagious

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11
Q

causes of conjunctivitis

A

bacterial, allergic or chlamydial infections, COVID

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12
Q

patho of cataracts

A

lens opacity that distorts image that may progress differently in each eye

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13
Q

teaching for conjunctivitis

A

wash hands, dont rub eye

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14
Q

as cataract matures

A

opacity makes it difficulty to see retina

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14
Q

cataract

A

clouding/blurring of lens distort image and color projected on retina

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15
Q

effects of cataracts

A

restricted acuity, lens density increases, blurred vision, decreases red reflex

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16
Q

genetic risk of cataracts

A

present at birth or developed by 75 and can occur w other diseases

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17
Q

preoperative care for cataracts

A

med list (those that cause bleeding), eye drops, informed consent, opthalmic drugs

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17
prevention of cataracts
no heavy sun/UV, wear sunglasses and head protection, no smoking
17
cause of cataracts
age related or trauma/exposure
17
primary problem for patients with cataracts
impaired visual sensory perception
18
hx of cataract assessment
hx of trauma, exposure, drugs, intraocular disease, hx of cataract, smoking
19
signs of complications of cataract surgery
sharp eye pain, bleeding, swelling, decreased vision, flashes of light, floating shapes
19
cataract surgery
removal of lens from high frequency waves breaking up and removing lens and clear plastic one inserted
20
management of cataract surgery
light eye patch, no water, eye drops, s/s to report
21
health teaching of cataract surgery
no lifting, no aspirin
22
outcome of cataract surgery
improved visual sensory perception in 4-6wks
23
retinal holes, tears, detachments
separation of retina from epithelium
24
s/s of retinal holes, tears, detachments
sudden painless onset, bright flashes of light or floating dark spots
25
interventions of retinal holes, tears, detachments
laser photocoagulation, surgery, no reading or heavy lifting
26
macular degeneration
eye disease blurring central vision from damage to macula
27
dry macular degeneration
slow/gradual blockage of retinal capillaries and cells become ischemic and die
28
s/s of dry macular degeneration
central vision declines, blurring, visual distortion, night vision impaired
29
risk factors of dry macular degeneration
increased cholesterol, high BP, diabetes
30
wet macular degeneration
sudden decrease in vision with no cure but laser therapy slows it
31
patho of glaucoma
increased ocular pressure by creating too much or not draining enough fluid
32
open angle glaucoma
most common that effects both eyes
33
angle closure glaucoma
emergency displacement of iris pressing against cornea and prevent production of aqueous humor
34
genetic risk of glaucoma
black people over 40, hx of glaucoma, high BP, corneal thinness, optic nerve abnl
35
s/s of glaucoma
headache/brow pain, N/V, colored halos around lights, blurred vision w decreased light perception
36
primary problems for glaucoma pt
impaired visual sensory perception, decreased visual acuity
37
nonsurgical management for glaucoma
drugs, vision rehab
38
surgical management of glaucoma
LPI, tube shunt
39
drug therapy for glaucoma
reduce production or increase absorption of aqueous humor
40
prostaglandin agonist (glaucoma)
dilate blood vessels to increase absorption of fluid
41
adrenergic agonists (glaucoma)
dilate pupils and limit fluid production
42
beta adrenergic blocker:timolol maleate (glaucoma)
dilate pupils and limit fluid production
43
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (glaucoma)
limit production of fluid
44
cholinergic agonists: pilocarpine (glaucoma)
limit production of fluid and improve outflow
45
management of glaucoma
eyedrops daily, handwashing, s/s of choroidal detachment/hemorrhage
46
ear changes associated with aging
drier cerumen, low tympanic membrane elasticity and bony ossicle movement, poor acuity, disturbed vestibular function
47
conductive hearing loss
from any physical obstruction of sound wave transmission
48
sensorineural hearing loss
from defect in cochlea, 8th cranial nerve or brain due to ototoxic meds
49
mixed hearing loss
profound hearing loss containing conductive and sensorineural
50
test
voice, watch, audioscopy, weber tuning fork
51
medical interventions of hearing issues
early detection, safety, diet, meds
52
surgical interventions for hearing issues
hearing aids, implants
53
communication interventions for hearing issues
lip read, sign language, speech therapy
54
acute otitis media
infection in middle ear causing inflammation/swelling of ossicles with purulent drainage
55
acute otitis media is more common
in kids from canal being horizontal
56
chronic otitis media
repeated acute episodes with long duration
57
serous otitis media
fluid accumulating in middle ear from illness (fever, upper resp infection)
58
s/s of otitis media
tinnitus, headache, malaise, fever, N/V, dizzy
59
prolonged otitis media can cause
eardrum to be perforated
60
nonsurgical management of otitis media
quiet environment, limit head movement, heat/cold, antihistamines/decongestants, ear drips
61
myringotomy for otitis media
surgical opening of pars tensa of eardrum placing tube inside as eardrum grows around it and pushes it out
62
post op care for otitis media
ear/canal free of substances, keep head dry
63
cerumen
more common cause of impacted ear canal
64
impacted ear canal s/s
fullness of ear, pain, itchy, dizzy, bleeding
65
mastoiditis
infection of mastoid air cells from progressive otitis media
66
s/s of mastoiditis
swelling behind ear, pain, immobile/red eardrum, fever, drainage
67
treatment of mastoiditis
antibiotics, surgical removal of infected tissue
68
tinnitus
continuous ringing or noise perception
69
causes of tinnitus
brain substituting a sound the brain is not getting the input it needs to interpret it
70
tinnitus therapy
focus on masking tinnitus with background sound and noise makers during sleeping
71
vertigo and dizziness
more common s/s of ear disorders
72
teaching for vertigo
restrict head motions, hydrate, antivertiginous drugs
73
meniere disease
episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss that lasts several days
74
health teaching for meniere disease
diet adjustment, move head slowly, ni smoking
75
treatment of meniere disease
vestibular rehab, drug therapy, surgery
76
drug therapy for meniere disease
diuretics, gentamycin, promethazine, meclizine

Med Surg (12 decks)

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