F-Part 1

Question 1

__ ___ content of a drug is the residue, consisting chiefly of cellulose that remains undissolved after successive treatment with boiling acid and alkali.

Answer 1

Crude fiber

Question 2

What is the crude fiber content of a drug considered as?

Answer 2

residue

Question 3

A determination of crude fiber is used in evaluating the efficiency of _____
and separating ___ from the starchy endosperm.

Answer 3

milling, bran

Question 4

What is crude fiber also useful for when it comes to fresh vegetables and fruits?

Answer 4

succulence

Question 5

What kind of products have increased levels of crude fiber?

Answer 5

over mature products

Question 6

What is the principle involved in cocoa?

Answer 6

gravimetric method of analysis

Question 7

What will be the sample?

Answer 7

Cocoa powder

Question 8

What is the scientific name and family of Cocoa?

Answer 8

Theobroma cacao, Sterculiaceae

Question 9

What are the uses of cocoa?

Answer 9

emmenagogue, emollient, and nutritive

Question 10

What is the crude fiber limit of cocoa?

Answer 10

7% of ether-insoluble residue

Question 11

(1) The residue is collected on a ___, preferably in ___ ___, washed free of alkali, dried, and weighed accurately.

Answer 11

filter, Gooch crucible

Question 12

(2) The fibrous matter should be incinerated cautiously at first and the at low red heat until the ___ is completely burned-off, as indicated by the formation of __ ___.

Answer 12

carbon, white ash

Question 13

(3) The cellulose, etc. is burned when the fiber is incinerated, leaving the __ ____.

Answer 13

inorganic matter

Question 14

Residues of official substances obtained such as water, alcohol, ether, acids and bases are also means of establishing ___ ___.

Answer 14

purity standards

Question 15

The amount of ____is often an ____ ____ of the amount of certain soluble constituents or group of related constituents.

Answer 15

extractive, approximate measure

Question 16

What are the four extractive methods in the determination of NVESE in cocoa?

Answer 16

volatile and non-volatile ESE
alcohol-soluble extractive
diluted alcohol extractive
water-soluble extractives and water insoluble residue

Question 17

What does the volatile ether-soluble extractives represent?

Answer 17

volatile oil of the drug

Question 18

What does the non-volatile ether-soluble extractives represent?

Answer 18

the active constituents associated

Question 19

What are examples of volatile matter associated with NVESE?

Answer 19

fixed oils, resins, coloring matter

Question 20

What are examples of NVESE?

Answer 20

capsicum, male fern, myristica, cocoa

Question 21

In a ___ ____ apparatus, the extraction is continued for 8 hours to ensure complete removal of the ether-soluble constituents from the powdered cocoa.

Answer 21

Soxhlet Extraction

Question 22

___ ___ is used because it does not contain small, variable quantities of water therefore does not dissolve some tannin, sugar, etc.

Answer 22

Absolute Ether

Question 23

At what temperature does ether boil?

Answer 23

35 degree C

Question 24

Cocoa must yield ____ __ __ ___ and ___ ___ __ ___ of NVESE

Answer 24

not less than 10% and not more than 22% of NVESE

Question 25

At 105 degree celsius, what is left?

Answer 25

the residue/NVESE

Question 26

___ ___ is defined as the number of mg of KOH necessary to neutralize the free acids of 1g of oil, fat, wax, resin, balsam, or similar organic substance of complex composition.

Answer 26

Acid Value/Acid Number/Acidity Index

Question 27

___ ___ refers to the number of mg of KOH required to neutralize the free acids and saponify the esters contained in 1g of fat, fatty or volatile oil, wax, resin, balsam or other substance of similar composition.

Answer 27

Saponification Value/Saponification Number/Koettsdorfer Number

Question 28

What is the measurement of Acid Value?

Answer 28

amount of acidity

Question 29

What is the measurement of Saponification Value?

Answer 29

amount of ester linkage

Question 30

What is the method used for finding the acid value?

Answer 30

Direct titration with KOH

Question 31

What is the method used for finding the saponification value?

Answer 31

Back titration with KOH

Question 32

___ ___ is the number of mg of KOH required to saponify the esters in 1g of a fatty or volatile oil, fat, wax, balsam, resin, or similar substance.

Answer 32

Ester Value/Ester Number

Question 33

What is the scientific and family name of pepermint?

Answer 33

Mentha x piperita, Lamiaceae

Question 34

If the name peppermint is from the species named piperita, what does it mean?

Answer 34

peppery

Question 35

Peppermint yields ___ ___ ___ ___ ___, calculated as menthyl acetate and ___ ___ __ ___ of total menthol, free and as esters.

Answer 35

not less than 5.0% esters, not less than 50% of total menthol

Question 36

What are the three esters found in volatile oils?

Answer 36

Linolol, Menthol, Santalol

Question 37

___ ____ is the number of g of Iodine absorbed under specific conditions by 100g of oil, fat, wax, or other substances.

Answer 37

Iodine Value/Iodine Number

Question 38

The degree of iodine value indicates that the content of unsaturated triglyceride in certain ___ ___.

Answer 38

fatty acid

Question 39

Iodine value is applied for the ____ and ___ of oils.

Answer 39

characterization and identification

Question 40

IV is also used to detect the ____ of admixtures and detect _____.

Answer 40

purity, adulteration

Question 41

What is the purpose of blank test determination?

Answer 41

corrects for the presence of impurities in the reagent + changes in volume at different temperatures

Question 42

___ ___ ____ makes it unnecessary to know the normality of the iodochloride test solution.

Answer 42

Blank Test Determination

Question 43

What are examples of those in the category drying that has an IV of above 120?

Answer 43

linseed oil, fish oils, and cod-liver oil

Question 44

What are examples of those in the category non-drying that has an IV of below 100?

Answer 44

cottonseed oil and sesame oil

Question 45

Peppermint was created by crossbreeding ____ and ____

Answer 45

watermint (mentha aquatica), spearmint (mentha spicata)

Question 46

How are hybrids identified in the scientific name?

Answer 46

by the X

Question 47

What are the oil properties of peppermint?

Answer 47

fresh, sharp, menthol smell clear to pale yellow watery in viscosity

Question 48

What is the main constituent of peppermint oil?

Answer 48

menthol

Question 49

___ is an organic compound that produces a cooling sensation when applied to mouth or skin.

Answer 49

menthol