F-Part 2

Question 1

__ ___ is the fixed oil obtained from the ripe fruit of Olea europaea Linne.

Answer 1

Olive oil

Question 2

What is the family name of Olea europaea Linne?

Answer 2

Oleaceae

Question 3

Olive oil contained suitable _____.

Answer 3

antioxidants

Question 4

What acid is also present in olive oil?

Answer 4

Oleic acid

Question 5

What is the IV USP specification?

Answer 5

between 79 - 88

Question 6

The total alcohol present in any given oil is determined by ____ the ___ ___ into corresponding ___.

Answer 6

transforming, free alcohols, acetates

Question 7

By boiling the oil with ___ ___ in an acetylization flask, the free alcohols withh be transformed into corresponding acetates, determining the total alcohol present.

Answer 7

acetic anhydride

Question 8

What are the three principles involved in the determination of total menthol?

Answer 8

acetylation, saponification, residual titration with blank

Question 9

_____ refers to the analysis of a sample material, called analyte, using a set of chemical procedures.

Answer 9

Assay

Question 10

The objective of an assay is to determine the ____ of the analyte’s unknown components, isolate them and quantify.

Answer 10

identity

Question 11

_____ is used as a surgical dressing when mixed with zinc oxide and in dentistry, as making filling materials, dental cements, and sealers.

Answer 11

Eugenol

Question 12

What is Eugenol also used as?

Answer 12

insect attractant, UV absorber, analgesic, biocide, and antiseptic

Question 13

The estimation of the volatile oil content of certain official spirits is based upon the ____ of the volatile oil.

Answer 13

separation

Question 14

_____ ___ is calibrated into 8 main divisions of 0.2mL each and are designed for the babcock test procedure.

Answer 14

Babcock Bottle

Question 15

The bodies of the test bottles are ___ ___, while the graduated necks are ___ ___.

Answer 15

reaction vessels, measuring devices

Question 16

Babcock bottles are also used to measure what content of dairy products?

Answer 16

fat content

Question 17

What is the correction factor (CF) of an 8 division and 10 division babcock?

Answer 17

8 = 0.21
10 = 0.105

Question 18

______ is a dehydrating agent and serves to salt out on any volatile oil from the diluted alcoholic mixture.

Answer 18

CaCl2

Question 19

____ is the process which involves the application of the ____ ____ for the sedimentation of heterogenous mixtures with a centrifuge machine.

Answer 19

Centrifugation, centripetal force

Question 20

____ ___ is a piece of laboratory equipment which spins liquid samples at high speed.

Answer 20

Centrifuge machine

Question 21

___ ___ are complex products composed of mixtures of compounds of widely variant chemical characteristics.

Answer 21

Volatile oils

Question 22

What are the chemical components of volatile oils?

Answer 22

hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, organic acid, and sulfur

Question 23

What are the characteristics of fixed oils?

Answer 23

(+) spot test obtained by extraction
undergo rancidity
contains glyceryl esters of fatty acids

Question 24

What are the characteristics of volatile oils?

Answer 24

(-) spot test by distillation
tends to oxidized and resinified
may contain esters but not glyceryl esters

Question 25

The analysis of volatile oils is based on (3)

Answer 25

measurement of physical characteristics quantitative determination of chemi cmpds qualitative tests of adulterants

Question 26

What are the 8 general methods for the assay of volatile oils?

Answer 26

1. Organoleptic test 2. Specific Gravity 3. Optical activity and rotatory power 4. Refractive index 5. Congrealing point 6. Distillation range or limits 7. Fractional distillation 8. Solubility

Question 27

___ ___ is expressed as the ratio of the weight of the volume of oil to that of an equal volume of pure water at 25°C.

Answer 27

Specific gravity

Question 28

Specific gravity is determined by ____ or ____ ____ balance.

Answer 28

pycnometer, Mohr Westphal

Question 29

Oils rich in _____ are usually lighter than water.

Answer 29

hydrocarbons

Question 30

Oils rich in ___, ____ and ____, and ___ are heavier than water.

Answer 30

aldehydes, phenols and derivatives, and esters

Question 31

To determine adulteration, the method used is ____ ____ and ____ ____.

Answer 31

optical activity, rotatory power

Question 32

___ ____ is measured by means of a ____ to detect the presence of extraneous matter.

Answer 32

Refractive index, refractometer

Question 33

____ ____ method is usually applied to the oils.

Answer 33

Congealing point

Question 34

Most oils have ____ congealing temperature.

Answer 34

low

Question 35

A ____ congealing point is desired for oils with large amounts if readily crystallizable constituents.

Answer 35

higher

Question 36

An abnormally low congealing point for these oils indicates the presence of ___ ___ or ___ ___ of its constituents.

Answer 36

extraneous matter, partial removal

Question 37

What is the method for the temperature or temperature range at which a definite percentage of a volatile oil is distilled due to its wide boiling range?

Answer 37

Distillation range or limits

Question 38

____ ____ boil between wide temperature ranges. Hence, official standards usually designate temperature or temp. range.

Answer 38

Volatile oils

Question 39

___ ____ involves the determination of purity by separating the various components of the ___ ___ and __.

Answer 39

Fractional Distillation, volatile oils and adulterants

Question 40

____ where volatile oils are generally ___ in organic solvents such as absolute ether, chloroform, benzene, and carbon disulfide.

Answer 40

Solubility, miscible

Question 41

All volatile oils are miscible in _____ to ___ alcohol.

Answer 41

70%-90%

Question 42

Oils with large amounts of oxygenated substances produce ____ solutions with ___ ____ and ___ ___ due to the traces of water they contain.

Answer 42

turbid, petroleum ether and carbon disulfide

Question 43

Peppermint spirit is used as a ____ and ____ ___.

Answer 43

carminative, flavoring agent

Question 44

What is the principle used in the assay of caffeine?

Answer 44

Alkaloidal assay using Gravimetric Analysis

Question 45

___ are chemical substances that can be obtained from animals, plants, snd synthetic sources.

Answer 45

Alkaloids

Question 46

Alkaloids contain organic ____ within their chemical structures and possess physiological activity.

Answer 46

nitrogen

Question 47

Alkaloid are sparingly soluble in ___ but readily soluble in most ___ ___ immiscible in water.

Answer 47

water, organic solvents

Question 48

____ ____ are readily soluble in water and sparingly soluble in immiscible solvents.

Answer 48

Alkaloidal salts

Question 49

In reaction with ___, they form salt, which is soluble in a water but insoluble in certain organic solvents.

Answer 49

acid

Question 50

In reaction with ___, alkaloids were liberated from an aqueous solution of their salt.

Answer 50

base

Question 51

Alkaloids forms ___ ___ in reagents with solvents and with salts of heavy metal (e.g. Au, Pt, Hg).

Answer 51

insoluble precipitate

Question 52

What is the scientific and family name of caffeine?

Answer 52

Coffea arabica, Rubiaceae

Question 53

____ is a bitter substance found in coffee, tea, soft drinks, chocolate, kola nuts, and certain medicine.

Answer 53

Caffeine

Question 54

Caffeine is known as a ___.

Answer 54

stimulant

Question 55

Caffeine is a ____ naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent.

Answer 55

methylxanthine

Question 56

____ are molecular compounds that are derived either naturally or synthetically from ___.

Answer 56

Methylxanthines, xanthine

Question 57

Methylxanthines are commonly found in medications for certain ___ problem.

Answer 57

respiratory

Question 58

____ ___ is taken from the plant Syzygium aromaticum.

Answer 58

Clove oil

Question 59

What is the common name of clove oil?

Answer 59

clove, carophyllus

Question 60

What are the uses of clove oil?

Answer 60

antiseptic, analgesic, used in toothpastes and food

Question 61

What is the USP specification of clove oil?

Answer 61

not less than 85% volume