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FA RR associations Flashcards

(134 cards)

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1
Q

Actinic (solar) keratosis

A

Precursor to squamous cell carci noma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing’s ulcer (↑ ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing o f gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions (Crohn’s d isease)

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5
Q

Aneurysm , dissecting

A

Hypertension

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm , abdominal and descending aorta

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, arch

A

Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

Aortic aneurysm , ascend ing

A

Marfan’s syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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9
Q

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy (th i a m i ne deficiency causi ng ataxia, ophthal moplegia, and confusion)

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10
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and sh rinkage)

A

S ickle cell anem ia ( hemoglobin S )

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11
Q

Bacteria assoc iated with gastritis, peptic ulcer d isease, and stomach cancer

A

H. pylori

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12
Q

Bacterial men i ngitis (adults and elderly)

A

Streptococcus pnewnoniae

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Group B streptococcus (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)

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14
Q

Ben ign melanocytic nevus

A

Spitz nevus (most common in fi rst two decades)

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15
Q

Bleeding d isorder with Gplb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier synd rome (defect i n platelet adhesion to von Willebrand ‘s factor)

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16
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial : metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma

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17
Q

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infra tentorial : medulloblastoma (cerebel lum) or supratentorial : cran iopharyngioma (cerebrum)

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18
Q

Breast cancer

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the U.S. , 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)

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19
Q

Breast mass

A

F ibrocystic change, carci noma ( in postmenopausal women)

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20
Q

Breast tumor (ben ign)

A

F ibroadenoma

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21
Q

Cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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22
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Libman-Sacks endocard itis (nonbacterial , affecting both sides of mitral valve)

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23
Q

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis, 1 ° myxoma (4 : 1 left to right atrium ; “ ball and valve”)

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24
Q

Cerebellar tonsil lar hern iation

A

Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)

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25
Chron ic arrhyth m ia
Atrial fibrillation (associated with h igh risk of emboli)
26
Chronic atroph ic gastritis (autoimmune)
Pred isposition to gastric carci noma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
27
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagi na
DES exposure in utero
28
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman ; type II: elderly man or woman)
29
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
30
Congen ital card iac anomaly
VSD
31
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubi n-Joh nson syndrome ( i nabi l ity of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bili rubin into bile)
32
Constrictive pericarditis
Tuberculosis (developing world); systemic lupus erythematosus (developed world)
33
Coronary artery i nvolved i n thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
34
Creti nism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroid ism
35
Cushing's syndrome
• Iatrogenic Cushi ng's (from corticosteroid therapy) • Adrenocortical adenom a (secretes excess cortisol ) • ACTH-secreting pitu itary adenoma • Paraneopl astic Cush i n g's (clue to ACT H secretion by tumors)
36
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetral ogy of Fal lot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
37
Cyanosis ( late ; more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
38
Death i n C M L
Blast crisis
39
Death in S L E
Lupus nephropathy
40
Dementia
Alzheimer's disease, multiple i n fa rcts
41
Demyel inating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
42
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric compl ications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
43
Dietary deficit
Iron
44
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker's d iverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
45
Ejection click
Aortic/pul monic stenosis
46
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cel l carcinoma (worldwide ) ; adenocarcinoma (U.S.)
47
Food poisoning (exotoxi n mediated)
S. aureus, B . cereus
48
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
49
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
50
Heart murmur , congen ital
Mitral valve prolapse
51
Heart valve i n bacterial endocard itis
M itral > aortic (rheumatic fever) , tricuspid (IV dru g abuse)
52
Helminth infection (U.S.)
Enterobius vermicula ris, Ascaris lumbricoides
53
Hematoma - epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal a rtery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
54
Hematoma- subdural
Rupture of bridging vei n s (crescent shaped)
55
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, " bronze diabetes," and ↑ risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
56
Hepatocellular carcinoma
C irrhotic l iver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcohol ism)
57
Hereditary bleed ing d isorder
von Willebrand 's disease
58
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
59
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondyl itis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative col itis, psoriasis
60
HLA-DR3 or -DR4
Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
61
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, m itral regurgitation
62
Hypercoagulabil ity, endothel ial damage, blood stasis
Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)
63
Hypertension, 2°
Renal d i sease
64
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
65
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
66
Infection 2° to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
67
Infections in chron ic granulomatous d i sease
Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive)
68
Kidney stones
•Calcium = rad iopaque •Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus) •Uric acid = rad iolucent
69
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
E isenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA ; results in pulmonary hypertension /polycythemia)
70
Liver disease
Alcohol ic cirrhosis
71
Lysosomal storage d i sease
Gaucher's d isease
72
Male cancer
Prostatic carc i noma
73
Malignancy associated with non i n fectious fever
Hodgkin's lymphoma
74
Mal ignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebell u m )
75
Mental retardation
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
76
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid, testes
77
Metastases to bra i n
Lung > breast > gen itourinary > osteosarcoma > melanoma> GI
78
Metastases t o l iver
Colon >> stomach , pancreas
79
Mitochondrial inheritance
D isease occurs i n both males and females, i n herited th rough females only
80
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart d i sease
81
Mixed ( UMN and LMN) motor neuron d isease
ALS
82
Myocard itis
Coxsackie B
83
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
84
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
85
Neuron migration fa ilur e
Kallmann syndrome ( hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
86
Nosocom ial pneumonia
Klebsiella, E. coli, Ps eudomonas aeruginosa
87
Obstruction of male u ri nary tract
BPH
88
Open ing snap
Mitral stenosis
89
Opportunistic i n fection i n AIDS
Pnewnocystis jirovec ii (formerly carinii) pneumonia
90
Osteomyelitis
S. aureus
91
Osteomyel itis i n sickle cell disease
Salmonella
92
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
93
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carc i noma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
94
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral )
Serous cystadenoma
95
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
96
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
97
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis ( k ids)
98
Patient with ALL /CLL /AML /CML
ALL : child, CLL : adult > 60 , AML : adult - 65 , CML: adult 30-60
99
Pelvic inflammatory d isease
Ch lamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
100
Ph iladelph i a chromosome t(9 ; 2 2 ) (bcr-abl)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
101
Pituitary tumor
Prol actinoma, somatotrop ic "acidoph ilic" adenoma
102
Primary amenorrhea
Tur ner syndrome (45,XO )
103
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
104
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
105
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
106
Primary l iver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrh osis, hemochromatosis, α1 antitrypsin deficiency)
107
Pul monary hypertension
COPD
108
Recurrent inflam mation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels i n extrem ities
Buerger's d i sease (strongly associated w ith tobacco)
109
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinom a : associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH , ACTH )
110
Right heart fa ilur e due to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
111
S3 (protodiastol ic gallop)
↑ ventricular filling ( left to right shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF] )
112
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
113
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcem ia of chron ic kidney d isease
114
Sexually transmit ted d isease
Chlamyd ia (usually coinfectecl with gonorrhea)
115
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
116
Site of d iverticula
S igmoid colon
117
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popli teal artery > carotid artery.
118
Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
119
Stomach ulcerations and h igh gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
120
t ( 14; 18 )
Fol l icular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
121
t ( 8; 14)
Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
122
t(9 ; 2 2 )
Philadelph i a chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
123
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
124
Testicular tumor
Seminoma
125
Thyroid cancer
Papil lary carcinoma
126
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
127
Tumor of infancy
Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by chi ldhood)
128
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
129
Tu mor of the adrenal medulla ( k ids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
130
Type of Hodgkin's
Nodular sclerosis (vs. m ixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
131
Type of non-Hodgkin's
Diffuse large cell
132
UTI
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
133
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
H S V- l
134
Vitamin deficiency ( U . S . )
Folate (pregnant women a re a t h igh risk; body stores only 3 - to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)

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