FA Urolithiasis

Question 1

Alfalfa can form:

Answer 1

Calcium carbonate stones

Question 2

What are risk factors for developing uroliths?

Answer 2

High Ca:P ratio
High Mg
Low fiber content in diet
Low urine output
Alkaline urine/high urine pH
Urinary tract infection
Diets low in vitamin A
High estrogen intake

Question 3

Stone likely to form in a urine pH of 7.2-8.4

Answer 3

Struvite

Question 4

Stone likely to form in a urine pH of 6.5-7.5

Answer 4

Apitate

Question 5

Stone likely to form in a urine pH of >7.0

Answer 5

Calcium carbonate

Question 6

What clinical signs would you expect to see in early urolithiasis patients?

Answer 6

Anorexia, depression, mild bloat, restlessness, swishing of tail, bruxism, stranguria/anuria

Question 7

What clinical signs would you expect to see in late urolithiasis patients?

Answer 7

Recumbency, bradycardia, colic signs, vocalization, rectal prolapse, pendulous abdomen, ventral edema, stranguria/anuria

Question 8

What is the most common signlament?

Answer 8

Castrated males

Question 9

What does the effect of castrating at a very young age do to the urethra? What species is most prone?

Answer 9

Narrows the urethra
Sheep

Question 10

What could you use to relax the urethra?

Answer 10

Acepromazine

Question 11

What should you be cautious of when giving an alpha 2 drug?

Answer 11

Diuretic - will make them have to pee

Question 12

pee pee?

Answer 12

No, poo poo

Question 13

What is cystocentesis used for?

Answer 13

Temporary relief of pressure for emergent situations

Question 14

What is a bananno catheter?

Answer 14

Percutaneous transabdominal catheter
Allows for the bladder to empty for a couple of days
Make sure to think about where an empty bladder lives when youre placing it or it will pull your tube out when the bladder empties

Question 15

What is different about a tube cystotomy?

Answer 15

Must form adhesion before removal due to size of hole in bladder (~10 -14 days)
Can be placed percutaneously or by laparotomy

Question 16

What are the indications for laparotomy?

Answer 16

Abdominal lavage
Repair ruptured bladder
Remove stones

Question 17

Calcium carbonate stones

Answer 17

Are bad bad
Do not dissolve

Question 18

Do uroliths have a good prognosis generally?

Answer 18

No

Question 19

What is the major downside of bladder marsupalization?

Answer 19

Urine scald

Question 20

Does vesicopreputial anastomosis cause urine scald?

Answer 20

No, better quality of life
Urine empties into the prepuce

Question 21

What should you recommend in terms of diet?

Answer 21

Low phosphorus (no more than 0.6%)
Ca:P >2.5:1
Avoid grain
Encourage forage
Low magnesium (no more than 0.6%)
Pulse therapy for acidifying the urine