Uvea

Question 1

What is the anterior uvea composed of?

Answer 1

Iris and ciliary body

Question 2

What is the posterior uvea composed of?

Answer 2

Choroid

Question 3

Where does the optic nerve sit?

Answer 3

In the non-tapetum fundus

Question 4

What type of fundus is common in blue eyed horses?

Answer 4

Atapetal subalbinotic fundus

Question 5

What is equine recurrent uveitis also known as?

Answer 5

Moon blindness

Question 6

What is the most common cause of blindness in horses?

Answer 6

ERU

Question 7

Is ERU more commonly unilateral or bilateral?

Answer 7

Bilateral

Question 8

What breeds are at risk to ERU?

Answer 8

Appaloosas!!
Drafts
European warmbloods

Question 9

What is ERU?

Answer 9

Immune mediated panuveitis
Must have >2 episodes of uveitis to classify as ERU
Variety of triggers

Question 10

What is most commonly linked to ERU?

Answer 10

Leptospirosis

Question 11

What is the pathogenesis of ERU?

Answer 11

Invasion of agent into eye or immune mediated event
Autoantigens stimulate recurrent autoimmune destruction

Question 12

What ophthalmoscope aperture setting is best for assessing flare?

Answer 12

Small disc

Question 13

What can happen secondary to chronic uveitis?

Answer 13

Glaucoma

Question 14

What will negatively impact corneal health long-term?

Answer 14

Topical steroids

Question 15

What is band keratopathy?

Answer 15

Mineral deposition in the cornea
Increase risk of non-healing corneal ulcerations

Question 16

What are treatment options for band keratopathy?

Answer 16

Topical EDTA and antimicrobials
Diamond burr debridement
Superficial keratectomy

Question 17

What are causes of blindness?

Answer 17

Permanent corneal edema
Complete cataract
Extensive synechiation
Secondary glaucoma
Retinal detachment
Retinal degeneration
Phthisis bulbi

Question 18

What causes secondary glaucoma?

Answer 18

Impaired outflow secondary to chronic inflammation
Very painful
Very pressurized
Episcleral injection
Bupthalmos

Question 19

What is phthisis bulbi?

Answer 19

Shrinking of the eye
Not painful generally

Question 20

What are the two routes of end stage uveitis?

Answer 20

Glaucoma and phthisis bulbi

Question 21

What are options for topical corticosteroids?

Answer 21

Prednisolone acetate 1%
Neopolydex
Do not use together

Question 22

What are the options for topical NSAIDs?

Answer 22

Flurbiprofen
Diclofenac
Do not use together

Question 23

What can be used for topical mydriatics?

Answer 23

Atropine 1%

Question 24

How long should you treat?

Answer 24

Treat aggressively
Treat for at least 2 weeks after clinical signs resolve
More aggressive and longer treatment may result in fewer/no recurrences

Question 25

What do cyclosporine implants do?

Answer 25

Decreased severity of flare ups
Increases time between flare ups

Question 26

What horses are candidates for cyclosporine implants?

Answer 26

Visual
Early stage of disease
Controlled inflammation

Question 27

What are some complications of low-dose gentamicin intravitreal injection?

Answer 27

Cataracts
Retinal degeneration

Question 28

What does low-dose gentamicin intravitreal injection help with?

Answer 28

Inflammation
Consider in cases where surgery is contraindicated

Question 29

What is important to tell clients with ERU?

Answer 29

No matter what they do, many uveitic horses go blind

Question 30

What are anterior uveal cysts?

Answer 30

Benign
Fluid filled
Common locations:
Corpora nigra
Pupil margin
Free floating in anterior chamber
Attached to iris or ciliary body

Question 31

When would you deal with an anterior uveal cysts?

Answer 31

Impairing vision
Deflated non-invasively with laser
May not change behavior

Question 32

What are uveal melanomas?

Answer 32

Primary tumor of the eye
More common in gray horses
No evidence of metastasis
Rapid growth in eye can occur

Question 33

How would you treat uveal melanoma?

Answer 33

Monitor
Sector iridectomy
Enucleation