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Anatomy Head And Spine > Face and Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Face and Oral Cavity Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

what are the branches of the external carotids

A 
Superior thyroid
Ascending Pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superficial temporal

[Some Anatomists Like Fucking Over Poor Medical Students]

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2
Q

where does the middle meningeal artery arise from?

A

the maxillary artery

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3
Q

damage susceptibility of the facial artery

A

it meanders around the mandible
some parts are protected by the ramus of the mandible
some parts are superficial and can easily be damaged

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4
Q

what is the downward midline projection in the oral cavity called?

A

uvula

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5
Q

what are the two pillars/fauces?

what is their function?

A 
pataloglossal folds (anterior) 
palatopharyngeal folds (posterior)

they depress the soft palate (anchored to the posterior aspect of the hard palate) against the tongue

seal off the nasopharynx from the oropharynx

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6
Q

purpose of the pharynx

A

Musculo-fascial passage which facilitates both food and air

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7
Q

what does the pharynx connect?

A

Connects nasal and oral cavities with larynx and oesophagus.

made of naso-, oro-, laryngopharynx

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8
Q

superior and inferior limit of the pharynx

A

superior: base of the skull
inferior: C6

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9
Q

sensory innervation of the pharynx

A

Glossopharyngeal and vagus (IX and X)
Via the “pharyngeal plexus”
EXCEPTION: Maxillary (V2) innervates small portion of nasopharynx

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10
Q

what type of muscles are contained in the pharynx?

A

circular and longitudinal

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11
Q

motor innervation to the muscles of the pharynx?

A

vagus

exception: Glossopharyngeal (IX) innervates stylopharyngeus

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12
Q

the circular muscles of the pharynx

A

Superior Constrictor
Middle Constrictor
Inferior Constrictor

all innervated by the vagus nerve

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13
Q

the longitudinal muscles of pharynx

A

Salpingopharyngeus* (innervated by X)

Palatopharyngeus (innervated by X)
- Important, as it is involved in closure of the oropharyngeal isthmus, part of the coughing reflex

Stylopharyngeus (innervated by IX)

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14
Q

what are the tonsils

A

Collections of lymphoid tissue:

1) Palatine tonsils (you can see them)
- Between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds.
2) Tubal Tonsils
- Located posterior to the opening of the nasotympanic tube, lateral wall of nasopharynx
3) Lingual tonsil
- Posterior aspect of the tongue.
4) Pharyngeal tonsil (Adenoid Tonsil)
- Roof of the nasopharynx.

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15
Q

clinical significance of the tonsils

A

the tonsils can become infected/inflamed

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16
Q

what is the protective ring around the pharynx called?

A

Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring

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17
Q

what is the innervation to the anterior two thirds of the tongue?

A

lingual nerve

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18
Q

which branch of the lingual nerve provides general sensation to the anterior two thirds of the tongue?

A

V3

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19
Q

what innervation provided sensory information about taste in the anterior two thirds?

A

facial nerve (chordates tympani branch which joins the lingual nerve)

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20
Q

what is the innervation to the posterior third of the tongue?

A

glossopharyngeal (IX)

both used for general sensation and taste

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21
Q

where is the epiglottic vallecula and what is its function?

what innervates it?

A

depression located behind the root of the tongue between the folds in the throat

serves as spit traps, holding saliva temporarily before entering into the oesophagus to prevent the swallowing reflex being intiated

innervated by the vagus nerve

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22
Q

what sets of muscles are involved in the motor function of the tongue?

A

extrinsic and intrinsic muscles

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23
Q

what are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  • palatoglossus
  • styloglossus
  • hyoglossus
  • genioglossus

[PSHG- people say hello+goodbye]

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24
Q

what nerve innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

hypoglossal (XII)

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25
what is the exception in innervation to the tongues muscles?
the palatoglossus is innervated by the vagus rather than the hypoglossus like the other muscles
26
where is the hyoglossus and what is its function?
attached to hyoid bone hence hyo- depresses the tongue innervation: XII
27
where is the styloglossus and what is its function?
attached to styloid process elevates and retracts tongue innervation: XII
28
where is the genioglossus and what is its function?
attached to mandible and hyoid bone protrudes the tongue innervation: XII
29
where is the palatoglossus and what is its function?
aponeurosis of the palate not much function related to the tongue, helps seal off oral cavity from the oropharynx innervation: X
30
what is the result of damage to the hypoglossal nerve?
tongue deviates towards the lesion with long standing injury there will be muscle wasting
31
what forms the temper-mandibular joint (TMJ)?
head of the mandible into a socket formed by articular tubercle and mandibular fossa articular disk located in between
32
where does the temporals insert itself on the mandible?
anterior border
33
where does the master insert itself on the mandible?
at the ramus, closer to the angle
34
where does the lateral pterygoid insert itself on the mandible?
interior mandible | at neck
35
where does the medial pterygoid insert itself on the mandible?
interior mandible at the angle
36
what are the two actions of the TMJ?
- hinge: elevation and depression of the mandible | - glide: protraction and retraction of the mandible
37
what muscles are involved in protrusion?
lateral pterygoid assisted by medial pterygoid
38
what muscles are involved in retraction?
posterior fibres of temporalis deep part of masseter geniohyoid and digastric
39
what muscles are involved in elevation?
temporalis masseter medial pterygoid
40
what muscles are involved in depression?
gravity aided by digastric, geniohyoid and mylohyoid muscles
41
what are the two superficial muscles of mastication? what movement are they involved in?
masseter and temporalis masseter: elevation temporalis: elevation and retraction
42
what are the deep muscles of mastication?
lateral pterygoid and medial pterygoid lateral: depression and protrusion/protraction medial: elevation and protraction and lateral movement of mandible
43
what are the attachments of the temporalis? function
temporal fossa coronoid processor the mandible elevation and retraction
44
what are the attachments of the masseter? function
zygomatic arch lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible elevation
45
attachments of the lateral pterygoid? function
lateral pterygoid plate and sphenoid neck of mandible protraction and depression
46
attachments of the medial pterygoid? function
lateral pterygoid plate and maxilla angle of mandible elevation, protection, lateral movement
47
muscles at TMJ and function
all muscles elevate the mandible except LPterygoids protract temporalis retract deep muscles protract
48
nerves - V2 - V3 - VII - IX
- V2: maxillary division of trigeminal - V3: mandibular division of trigeminal - VII: facial - IX: glossopharyngeal
49
the branches of trigeminal
V1- sensory only V2- sensory only V3- sensory and motor (special efferent)
50
3 main branches of V3 (mandibular division)
- long buccal (anterior) - lingual (posterior) - inferior alveolar-nerve to mylohyoid (posterior)
51
what dermatome do V1, V2, and V3 supply
V1- forehead skin and upper eyelids V2- anterior temple skin, middle of lateral aspect of the face and upper jaw V3- middle part of the temple, cheeks, floor of the mouth
52
V1 sensory innervation
forehead skin and upper eyelids via frontal nerve The conjunctiva, sclera, corneal epithelium and inner eyelids via the lacrimal nerve The nasal mucosa and frontal sinus via the nasociliary
53
V3 sensory innervation
middle part of the temple, cheeks, floor of mouth by buccal nerve Lower teeth, gums and lip by inferior alveolar Anterior two thirds of tongue by lingual
54
what does V3, the motor component, supply
Innervation to the masseter, temporalis and pterygoids is mostly by the anterior division of the V3 Innervation to the anterior suprahyoid muscles (mylohyoid and ant. digastric) is through the mylohyoid nerve which is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve
55
how can V3 motor component be tested on patient?
clench jaw (tests masseter and temporalis) open mouth (lateral pterygoids) move side to side (medial pterygoids)
56
stimulating the posterior third of the tongue
innervation by glossopharyngeal intense stimulation can cause gag reflex injury will result on no gag reflex on the respective side
57
what are the 5 special efferent branches of the CNVII motor component
``` Temporal branches Zygomatic branches Buccal branches Mandibular branch Cervical branch ``` [To Zanzibar By Motor Car] branches of the parotid plexus
58
parotid plexus and the parotid gland
the parotid plexus is made of the facial nerve the facial nerve itself does not innervate the parotid gland
59
how can the facial nerve?
``` expressions: Close eyes Raise eyebrows Smile Blow out checks Purse lips ```
60
what is the condition due to the damage to the facial nerve?
Bell's palsy
61
what innervates the parotid?
innervated by glossopharyngeal via the otic ganglion
62
drainage of parotid serous secretions
Parotid gland drains via parotid duct, which opens into the oral cavity lateral and superior to the second upper premolar
63
what are the 3 main salivary glands
- parotid (XI) - submandibular (VII) - sublingual (VII)
64
innervation of submandibular gland? | secretion type?
facial nerve via the submandibular ganglion serous
65
innervation of sublingual gland? | secretion type?
facial nerve via the submandibular ganglion[?] mucous
66
where does the chordates tympani branch of VII come from?
from middle ear when it had entered the internal acoustic meatus
67
which fossa does the chordates tympani exit?
petrotympanic fissure | different to the main VII nerve- motor branches exit through stylomastoid foramen
68
where does the chordates tympani join the lingual nerve?
infra temporal fossa containing GVE and SVA fibres
69
where does the chordates tympani that had now joined the lingual nerve go to?
submandibular ganglion
70
which motor fibres innervate the submandibular and sublingual glands?
parasympathetic GVE fibres that synapse the submandibular ganglion
71
where do the taste fibres of CNVII go
they SVA bypass the ganglion and go to the anterior two thirds of the tongue (taste in this part of the tongue is facial nerve)

Anatomy Head And Spine (5 decks)

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