Face and Scalp Flashcards
What are the 5 layers of the scalp?
S: skin C: connective tissue A: aponeurosis L: loose connective tissue-continues with eyelids and root of nose P: periosteum
What nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the scalp?
trigeminal: V1, V2, V3
cervical nerves: lesser and greater occipital nn.
What supplies blood to the scalp?
branches of the internal and external carotid aa. :
- supraorbital
- superficial temporal
- posterior auricular
- occipital
Why do scalp wounds bleed profusely?
due to numerous arterial anastomoses
Deep scalp lacerations past layer….gape widely
3
due to pull of occipitalis and frontalis muscles in layer 3
What are emissary veins
veins that pass through foramina in the calvaria and connect the veins of the scalp with the dural venous sinuses
infection in layer 4 of scalp can spread to cranial cavity via emissary veins
Name the major muscles of facial expression
occipitofrontalis
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
buccinator
platysma
What innervates the major muscles of facial expression?
facial nerve (CN VII)
What connects the frontalis muscle belly to the occipitalis muscle belly of occipitofrontalis?
epicranial aponeurosis
Action of occipitofrontalis?
elevates eyebrows
What are the 2 parts of orbicularis oculi? What are there actions?
thin palpebral part: gently close eyelids (blink) to keep cornea moist
thick orbital part: forcefully and tightly closes eyelids (squinting) for protection against bright light or foreign objects
Action of orbicularis oris?
closes mouth
important func. in speech and during mastication (helps keep food btwn teeth)
Action of buccinator
compresses cheek during mastication, sucking or whistling
What branch does the facial nerve give off before it enters the parotid gland?
posterior auricular n.
What does the posterior auricular n. innervate?
motor innervation to occipitalis belly of occipitofrontalis
What are the 5 terminal branches of the facial nerve which provide motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression?
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
mandibular
cervical
What is Bell’s palsy? When can it occur?
facial n. paralysis, paralysis of the muscles of facial expression
characterized by sagging lower eyelid, dropping of the angle of the mouth on affected side
caused by: viral infx, trauma, idiopathic
What is the major branch off the ophthalmic n.? What does it supply?
supraorbital n.
sensory innervation to skin of the forehead and upper eyelids
What is herpes zoster ophthalmicus?
subtype of shingles, viral infx of CNV1, results in eruption of vesicles producing rash in V1 territory
can damage the cornea
What is the major branch off of the maxillary n? What does it supply?
infraorbital n.
skin of lower eyelid, lateral aspects of nose, maxillary and zygomatic regions and upper lip
What does the mandibular n. provide motor innervation to?
the muscles of mastication
What are the major sensory branches of the mandibular n. (CNV3)?
auriculotemporal n.
buccal n.
mental n.
What does the auriculotemporal n. innervate?
parts of the auricle, external acoustic meatus, external TM, skin in temporal region
What does the buccal nerve innervate?
pierces buccinator (doesn’t innervate)
supplies skin and mucous membranes of the cheek
