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HS Block 3 > Face, Scalp, Muscles of Facial Expression, Parotid Gland, and Skull > Flashcards

Face, Scalp, Muscles of Facial Expression, Parotid Gland, and Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Neurocranium

A

portion of skill containing brain and brainstem, includes meninges

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2
Q

Viscerocranium

A

the portion of skull making up the face, made from neural crest cells

bones are derived from pharyngeal arches

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3
Q

cranial base

A

bones underlying the base

also called basocranium

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4
Q

cranial vault

A

bones covering the brain

also called calvaria

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5
Q

sensory capsules

A

bones encapsulating sensory organs

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6
Q

endonchrondral ossification bones

A

bones composed of hylaine cartilage replaced by bone

cranial base bones

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7
Q

intramembranous ossification bones

A

bone tissue directly replaces mesenchyme

skull vault (calvaria), maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, squamous portion of temporal bone

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8
Q

pharyngeal arch derivatives

A

neural crest cells migration into arches and from bones

malleus, incus, stapes, styloid, process of temporal bone, hyoid bone

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9
Q

non-ossified bones

A

nasal septum and speno-occipital synchordosis (SOS)

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10
Q

supraorbital foramen

A

above eye in frontal bone

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11
Q

infraorbital foramen

A

in the maxillae bone

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12
Q

mental foramen

A

in the chin, mandible bone

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13
Q

temporal bone processes

A

zygomatic process
external acoustic meitus
mastoid process
styloid process

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14
Q

coronal suture

A

in between frontal and parietal

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15
Q

squamosal suture

A

in between parietal and temporal

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16
Q

pterion

A

H shape of the sutures (coronal and squamosal) comes together

vulnerable point in the skull

on lateral side

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17
Q

sagital suture

A

separates the two parietal bones

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18
Q

bregma

A

center point of the coronal suture and saggital suture

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19
Q

lamboid suture

A

in between parietal and occipital bone

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20
Q

lambda

A

center point between lamboid and saggital suture

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21
Q

craniosynotosis

A

premature closure of a suture in the infant

causes abnormal head shape because skull can only grow parallel to close suture

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22
Q

scaphaocephaly

A

premature closure of saggital suture

narrow elongated head

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23
Q

plagiocephaly

A

premature suture of coronal or lamboid suture on one side only

assymetric, twisted head

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24
Q

brachycephaly

A

premature closure of the coronal suture
tall flat head

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25
Layer of the scalp
skin connective tissue (dense) - contains nerves and vessels aponeurosis - connecting the frontalis muscle and the occipitalis m loos connective tissue - associated with venous communication, infection pericranium - periosteum of skull
26
muscles of facial expression
come from the 2nd pharyngeal arch facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)
27
occipitofrontalis
elevates eyebrows, wrinkles forehead - surprise
28
orbicularis occuli
closes eyelids
29
nasalis
compresses and dilates nostrils
30
orbicularis oris
purses lip to kiss
31
buccinator
presses cheek against molar teeth important for chewing
32
mentalis
wrinkles chin
33
platsyma
depresses mandible, conveys stress
34
partoid sheath
covers with parotid gland continous with investing layer of deep cervical fascia
35
motor innervation of the face
facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) passes the internal auditory meatus, through the geniculate ganglion, exits the stylomastoid foramen for ANS: internal auditory meitus --> petroympanic fissuere --> lingual nerve --> submandibular ganglion --> causes taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and submandibular and sublingual gland
36
Facial nerve
gives off the posterior auricular nerve (not in plexus) branches within in the parotid gland two zebras bit my cookies temporal zygomatic buccal mandibular cervical
37
bell's palsy
facial nerve paralysis unilateral cannot close eyes, chew foot, puff cheeks, drooping mouth spontaneous recovery
38
herpes zoster oticus
reactivation of varicella zoster along the facial nerve (the posterior auricular branch) painful skin lesions can also affect CN VIII (vertigo, hearing loss)
39
CN V
V1 - sensory V2- sensory V3 - sensory and motor, muscles of mastication and other arise from the trigeminal ganglion
40
CN V1 sensory innervation - opthalmic nerve
forehead, upper eyelids, dorsum of nose
41
CN V2 - maxillary nerve
cheeks, lower eyelids, upper lip
42
CN V3 - mandibular nerve
lateral sides of head, lower lip, chin
43
herpes zoster of trigeminal nerve
involves the trigeminal ganglion opthalmic division is most commonly affected
44
trigeminal neuralgia
sudden attacks of facial pain with trigger zones unknown cause maxillary n most commonly affect, opthalmic least affected
45
Blood supply to scalp and face
branches of ECA - facial a, superfical temporal a, occipital a, posterior auricular a branches of ICA - supraorbital a, supratrochlear a
46
angular vein
branch of facial v anastomizing with ophthalmic veins in the cavernous sinus
47
pterygoid plexus of veins
anastomoses with facial and cavernous sinus (danger zone) another route of infection
48
cavernous sinus thrombosis
infection from face travels into cavernous sinus caused via the danger triangle of the face headache, fever, periorbital edema, eye swelling life threatening
49
Retromandibular vein
formed by superifical temporal and maxillary veins divides into anterior + facial vein = common facial vein and posterior branch + posterior auricular vein = external jugular vein
50
Sympathetics of head neck
preganglionic neurons are in T1-L2 --> enter sympathetic chain travel up to cervical region, go through cervical sympathetic ganglia, conveyed via the vasculature (periarterial plexuses)
51
Parsymp of head and neck
synapse in ganglion - not the wall of the viscera COPS 3977
52
CN III synape
synpase at ciliary ganglion
53
CN IX synapse
synapse in otic ganglion
54
CN VII synapse
pterygopalatine ganglion or submandibular ganglion
55
Post ganglion parasymp fibers
are distrubuted by branches of trigeminal n (CN V)
56
olfactory foramina/cribiriform foramina
axons of olfactory cells that make up the CN I
57
optic cancal
has the optic nerve (CN II) and ophthalmic arteries
58
superior orbital fissure
CN V1, CN III, CN IV, CN VI
59
foramen rotundum
CN V2
60
foramen ovale
CN V3 and accessory meningeal a.
61
foramen spinosum
middle meningeal artery, meningeal branch of V3
62
foramen lacerum
deep petrosal n
63
internal auditory meatus
vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), facial nerve (CN VII)
64
jugular foramen
CN IX, X, and XI, internal jugular v.
65
hypoglossal canal
Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
66
foramen magnum
Vertebral aa., CN XI, anterior/posterior spinal aa.
67
CN I
olfactory
68
CN II
optic
69
CN III
oculomotor
70
CN IV
trochleamotor
71
CN V
trigeminal
72
CN V1
opthlamic
73
CN V2
maxillary
74
CN V3
mandibular
75
CN VI
abducens
76
CN VII
facial
77
CN VIII
vestibulococlear
78
CN IX
glossopharyngeal
79
CN X
vagus
80
CN XI
accesory
81
CN XII
hypoglossal

HS Block 3 (6 decks)

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