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NSB Anatomy > Face, Temporal & Infratemporal Fossa > Flashcards

Face, Temporal & Infratemporal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

Which two nerves are involved with sensory and motor innervation of the face?

A

Trigeminal (V)

Facial (VII)

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2
Q

What are the borders of the face?

A

Superciliary arch (superior)
Inferior border of mandible (inferior)
Tragus of ears (laterally)

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3
Q

From which embryological arch do the muscles of the face arise from?

A

2nd (pharyngeal) arch

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4
Q

Which muscle lies between the superciliary arch and the occipital protuberance?

A

Occipitalfrontalis

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5
Q

Muscles from the 2nd pharyngeal arch are innervated by which cranial nerve?

A

VII - Facial nerve

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6
Q

What is the name of the ridge above the eyebrows?

A

Superciliary arch

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7
Q

Which 2 muscles form the orbital group of muscles in the face?

A

Orbicularis oculi
Corrugator supercilli

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8
Q

What are the two parts of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Palpebral part
Orbital part

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9
Q

What is the muscle that lies in the eyebrow called?

A

Corrugator supercilli

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

Which three muscles form the nasal group of muscles in the face?

A

Nasalis
Procerus
Depressor septi

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12
Q

What are the two parts of the nasalis muscle?

A

Transverse & Alar parts

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13
Q

Which two muscles make up the oral group?

A

Orbicularis oris

Buccinator

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14
Q

Which muscle surrounds the mouth?

A

Obicularis oris

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

Which is the main muscle of the cheek?

A

Buccinator

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16
Q

Which muscles make up the upper oral group?

A

Levator anguli oris
Levator labii superioris
Levator labii superiors alaeque nasi
Risorius
Zygomaticus major
Zygomaticus minor

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17
Q

Which muscles make up the lower oral group of facial muscles?

A

Depressor anguli oris
Depressor labii inferiorus
Mentalis

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18
Q

Which is the main muscle of the chin?

A

Mentalis

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19
Q

Which is the muscle that connects lower jaw to clavicle region? (It gives you the horse face when clenched)

A

Platysma

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20
Q

How is the occipitofrontalis muscle divided?

A

Frontal belly
Aponeurosis
Occipital belly

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21
Q

What subdivisions of the auricular muscles are there?

A

Anterior, superior & posterior

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

What are the layers of the scalp?

A

Skin
dense Connective tissue
Aponeurosis (epicranium)
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium / Periosteum

= SCALP

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24
Q

Why does the scalp bleed a lot?

A

Because it is under a lot of tension & has good vascular supply.

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25
Q

Why does a scalp injury carry an increased risk of infection?

A

Because it communicates through the skull into the brain - can cause intracranium infection.

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26
Q

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve - and what type of innervation do they supply? (Sensory/Motor/Both)

A

V1 - Ophthalmic - sensory

V2 - Maxillary - sensory

V3 - Mandibular - both

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27
Q

Which embryological arch do muscles of facial expression arise from and what does this mean re innervation?

A

Arise from second pharyngeal arch - means that they are innervated by VII.

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28
Q

Which arch does sensory innervation of superficial face arise from? Which cranial nerve control this?

A

1st pharyngeal arch - trigeminal nerve (V).

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29
Q

Which opening does V1 (opthalmic) travel through?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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30
Q

Which opening does V2 (Maxillary) travel through?

A

Foramen rotundum

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31
Q

Which opening does V3 (Mandibular) travel through?

A

Foramen ovale

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32
Q

Which part of the trigeminal nerve supplies the muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular

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33
Q

Which part of the face is innervated by the ophthalmic nerve (V1)?
What type of sensation does it supply?

A

Rostral scalp to tip of nose
Sensory

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34
Q

How many branches of V1 are there?

A

5

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35
Q

How many branches of V2 (maxillary) are there?

A

3

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36
Q

Which part of the face is innervated by the V2 (maxillary nerve)?
What type of sensation does it supply?

A

Lateral orbital area to angle of mouth
Sensory

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37
Q

Which part of the face is innervated by the V3 (mandibular nerve)?
What type of sensation does it supply?

A

Rest of face except angle of mandible. Supplies sensory and motor (mastication).

Auriculotemporal nerve
Buccal
Mental
(all sensory)

Pterygoid (medial and lateral)
Masseteric
Deep temporal
(all motor)

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38
Q

How many branches of V3 are there?

A

6

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39
Q

What does the facial nerve divide into before the parotid?

A

Facial nerve proper &
Nervus intermedius

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40
Q

Which bone of the skull does the facial nerve travel in?

A

The petrous part of the temporal bone

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41
Q

Through which orifice does the facial nerve leave the temporal bone?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

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42
Q

Which nerve branches come off the facial bone once it has exited the stylomastoid foramen?

A

Posterior auricular
Posterior belly digastric
Stylohyoid

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43
Q

What is the name of the nerve that enters the parotid?

A

The trunk of the facial nerve

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44
Q

What happens to the facial nerve once inside the parotid?

A

It divides into 5 branches

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45
Q

What are the names of the 5 branches of the facial nerve that arise in the parotid gland?

A

Two Zebras Buggered My Cat

Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical branch

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46
Q

What is the clinical implication of receiving a wound to the parotid?

A

The innervation to facial muscles can be lost.

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47
Q

Which areas of the face does the temporal branch of the facial nerve supply?

A

Temple, forehead & supraorbital area

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48
Q

Which areas of the face does the zygomatic branch of VII supply?

A

Infraorbital, lateral nasal, upper lip areas

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49
Q

Which areas of the face does the buccal branch of VII supply?

A

Cheek, upper lip & angle of mouth areas

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50
Q

Which areas of the face does the marginal mandibular branch of VII supply?

A

Lower lip & chin areas

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51
Q

Which areas of the face does the cervical branch of VII supply?

A

Platysma

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52
Q

How can you identify the buccal branch of VII in the face?

A

It travels with the parotid duct, making it easier to identify

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53
Q
A
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54
Q

What are the three salivary glands?

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

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55
Q

Which is the largest salivary gland?

A

Parotid

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56
Q

What is the parotid gland surrounded by?

A

Connective tissue capsule

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57
Q

Where does the parotid duct travel?

A

Horizontally across the masseter muscles, through the buccal fat pad & buccinator muscle, into the oral vestibule.

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58
Q

What is the difference between the oral vestibule and the oral cavity proper?

A

Oral vestibule = area in front of the teeth

Oral cavity proper = anything behind the teeth

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59
Q

How long is the parotid gland?

A

7cm

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60
Q

Name three structures that pass through the parotid gland

A

External carotid artery

Retromandibular vein

Facial nerve proper

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61
Q

In the parotid - which vessels branch off the external carotid artery?

A

Posterior auricular artery
Maxillary artery
Superficial temporal artery

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62
Q

In the parotid - which vessels join to form the retromandibular vein?

A

Superficial temporal vein
Maxillary vein

63
Q

What does the common carotid artery bifurcate into?

A

The internal and external carotid.

64
Q

Which of the carotid arteries supplies the face?

A

External carotid

65
Q

Which of the carotid arteries supplies the brain?

A

Internal carotid

66
Q

How does the parotid receive blood supply?

A

It is supplied from the arteries that pass through it.

67
Q

Which nerve provides the parotid with sensory innervation?

A

Auriculotemporal nerve (from V3)

68
Q

Which ganglion innervates the parotid with secretomotor innervation?

A

Otic ganglion (via CN IX)

69
Q

Which nerve innervates the capsule of the parotid? (Parotid sheath)

A

Greater auricular nerve

70
Q

What is the mnemonic for branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Sadistic Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students

71
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Superior thyroid
Ascending pharygneal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior Auricular
Maxillary
Superficial Temporal

72
Q

Which artery supplies the superficial features of the face?

A

Facial artery

73
Q

Which artery supplies the deep structures of the face?

A

Maxillary artery

74
Q

Where does the maxillary artery arise?

A

In the infratemporal fossa

75
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary artery?

A

Mental
Buccal
Infraorbital

76
Q

Which artery anastomoses with the facial artery?

A

Maxillary artery

77
Q

Which artery arises from the internal carotid artery to give some blood supply to the face?

A

Ophthalmic artery

78
Q

Do veins in the head have valves? How does this impact blood flow?

A

No

Means there is bi-directional flow

79
Q

How many jugular veins are in the head - and what are they called?

A

3

External
Internal
Anterior

80
Q

Which veins form the retromandibular vein?

A

Superior temporal vein + maxillary vein

81
Q

What does the retromandibular vein divide into?

A

Posterior retromandibular vein
Anterior retromandibular vein

82
Q

Which artery joins the posterior retromandibular vein and what do they form?

A

Meets the posterior auricular vein

Together they form the external jugular vein

83
Q

Where does the external jugular vein empty into?

A

Subclavian vein

84
Q

Which vein joins the anterior retromandibular vein and what do they form?

A

Facial vein

Forms the internal jugular vein

85
Q

Why are anastomoses in the cell between veins and sinuses important?

A

Means that the sinuses can become infected from the veins

86
Q

What drains into the ophthalmic veins?

A

Nasal cavity & orbital veins

87
Q

Name 3 intracranial venous connections

A

Ophthalmic veins
Infraorbital veins
Pterygoid plexus

88
Q

Which muscles are linked to depression of the jaw?

A

GRAVITY!

+ Digastric, geniohyoid & mylohyoid muscles

89
Q

Which muscles are linked to elevation of the jaw?

A

Temporalis, masseter & medial pterygoid

90
Q

What is the movement of opening the mouth called?

A

Depression

91
Q

What is the movement of closing the mouth called?

A

Elevation

92
Q

What is lateral movement of the jaw?

A

Side to side

93
Q

What is it called when you stick your jaw forward? And which muscles facilitate this?

A

Protrusion - lateral & medial pteryoid

94
Q

Which is it called when you pull the jaw back? Which muscles facilitate this?

A

Retraction - temporalis, masseter, geniohyoid & digastric

95
Q

How does the TMJ differ from other synovial joints?

A

It has fibrocartilage rather than hyaline

96
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A

Synovial

97
Q

Which part of the jaw prevents anterior dislocation?

A

Articular tubercle of temporal bone

98
Q

Name 3 extra capsular ligaments of the TMJ

A

Lateral ligament
Stylomandibular ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament

99
Q

What is the purpose of the extra capsular ligaments?

A

Helps maintain the position of the mandible in relation to the articular fossa - therefore helps prevent excess movement

100
Q
A
101
Q

What are the four muscles responsible for the mastication?

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

102
Q

Where is the temporalis muscle located?

A

In the temporal fossa

103
Q

What is the innervation of the muscles for mastication?

A

V3 - mandibular nerve

104
Q

Which muscle is this?

A

Masseter

105
Q

What covers the temporalis muscle?

A

Temporal fascia

106
Q

What is found in the temporal fossa?

A

Temporalis muscle
V2 branch = zygomaticotemporal branch
Deep temporal nerves - V3
Deep temporal arteries (from maxillary artery)
Middle temporal artery (from superficial temporal artery)

107
Q

Where does the maxillary artery anastomose with the facial artery?

A

In the infratemporal fossa

108
Q

Which ligament is found in the infratemporal fossa?

A

Sphenomandibular liagment

109
Q

Which muscles are found in the infratemporal fossa?

A

Pterygoid muscles

110
Q

Which artery is found in the infratemporal fossa?

A

Maxillary artery

111
Q

Which nerves & ganglia are found in the infratemporal fossa?

A

Mandibular V3 - branches
Chorda tympani
Otic ganglion
CN IX

112
Q

Which veins are found in the infratemporal fossa?

A

Pterygoid venous plexus

113
Q

What carries taste sensation?

A

Chorda tympani

114
Q

What provides secretomotor innervation to the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

Chorda tympani

115
Q

Where does the maxillary artery arise from?

A

External carotid artery

116
Q

How many branches does the maxillary artery divide into?

A

3

117
Q

What are the three branches of the maxillary artery?

A

Branch 1: Middle meningeal artery & inferior alveolar artery

Branch 2: Deep temporal, masseteric, buccal & pterygoid branches

Branch 3: Posterior-superior alveolar, infraorbital, greater palatine & sphenopalatine

118
Q

What is superior to the orbit?

A

Supraorbital margin

119
Q

What supplies sensory innervation to upper eyelid and forehead?

A

Supraorbital nerve

120
Q

Which foramen does the supraorbital nerve pass through?

A

Supraorbital foramen

121
Q

What is the protuberance of the chin called?

A

Mental protuberance

122
Q

Which foramen is present in the mental protuberance?

A

Mental foramen

123
Q
A
124
Q

What is the bridge of the nose called?

A

Nasion

125
Q

What is the midline groove in the upper lip called?

A

Philtrum

126
Q

What is the tragus of the ear?

A

Bit of cartilage that people pierce

127
Q

Where does the parotid duct pass in relation to the zygomatic arch?

A

2cm inferiorly

128
Q

What is anterior to the masseter muscle?

A

Buccal fat pad

129
Q
A
130
Q
A
131
Q

What are the actions of the obicularis oculi muscle?

A

2 parts - orbital and palpebral

Orbital section - voluntary closure of the eye - closes eyelids tightly
Palpebral section - closes eyelids gently (deep part - squeezes lacrimal sac)

132
Q

What is the function of the temporalis muscle?

A

Mastication - responsible for closing mouth and retraction

133
Q

Which foramen does the inferior alveolar nerve pass through?

A

Mandibular foramen

134
Q

What does the inferior alveolar nerve become when it exits from the mandibular canal?

A

Mental nerve

135
Q

What type of innervation does the lingual nerve carry?

A

Sensation

136
Q

What travels with the inferior alveolar nerve?

A

The inferior alveolar artery

137
Q

Which foramen does the mandibular nerve emerge from?

A

Foramen ovale

138
Q
A
139
Q

Which foramina are present in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Cribriform plate

140
Q

Which nerves pass through the cribriform plate?

A

CN I - Olfactory

141
Q

Which foramina are present in the middle cranial fossa?

A

Optic canal

Superior orbital fissure

Foramen rotundum

Foramen Ovale

Foramen Spinosum

142
Q

Which nerve passes through the optic canal?

A

CN II (Optic) & V1 (Ophthalmic)

143
Q

Which nerves pas through the superior orbital fissure?

A

III, IV, V(1) and VI

3, 4, 5(1) & 6

144
Q

Which nerves pass through the foramen rotundum?

A

CN V(2) - Maxillary

145
Q

Which nerves pass through the foramen ovale?

A

CN V(3) - Mandibular

146
Q

What passes through the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

147
Q

What foramen are present in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Internal Acoustic Meatus

Jugular foramen

Hypoglossal canal

Foramen Magnum

148
Q

What passes through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

CN VII & VIII (7&8)

149
Q

What passes through the jugular foramen?

A

CN IX, X, XI & IJV

(9-11 and internal jugular vein)

150
Q

What passes through the hypoglossal canal?

A

CN XII (12)

151
Q

What passes through the foramen magnum

A

Spinal cord & vertebral arteries

152
Q

Which muscles facilitate the closing of the jaw?

A

Medial pterygoid, Temporalis & Masseter

153
Q

Which muscles facilitate opening the jaw?

A

Lateral pterygoid & small muscles below mandible + Gravity

154
Q

Which is the largest muscle of mastication?

A

Temporalis

155
Q
A

NSB Anatomy (6 decks)

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