Factory Reform Flashcards
(34 cards)
Which author raised public awareness of the mistreatment of child chimney sweeps in his book ‘The Water-Babies’ in 1863?
Charles Kingsley
Why were the 1834 and 1840 Chimney Sweeps Acts pointless?
No enforcement
What did the 1875 Chimney Sweepers’ Act provide?
Chimney sweeps to be licensed, police to enforce all previous legislation
When was the Health and Morals of Apprentices Act passed?
1802
Which act of parliament was brought about by Robert Owen?
1819 Factory Act
Where did Robert Owen have his experimental factory town?
New Lanark, Scotland
What provisions were included in the 1833 Factory Act? Give 3 points.
prohibiting the employment of children under nine, limiting working hours for those under 18, and mandating some education for child workers
Which 2 people were pressing parliament to introduce a 10 Hour Day?
Richard Oastler and George Bull
Why was the 1833 Factory Act criticised by reformers at the time?
No compulsory element so could be ignored
Which MP worked tirelessly to get the 10 Hour Act passed?
Michael Sadler
What did the 1844 Factory Act provide?
First Health and Safety Act
Give 2 reasons why the 1833 Factory Act was important?
Increased safety for children, elementary education 2 hours/day for under 13s, max of 48 hours set for ages 9-13 (limited to 8 hurs/day)
When was the next substantial Factory Act after 1844?
1847
restricted the working hours of women and young people in textile mills to a maximum of 10 hours per day
What did this substantial factory act propose? 2 points
10 hour day
women and children aged 13-18 could work a maximum of 63 hours per week
When did the government set up a royal commission into coal mines?
1842
What forced the government to set up a royal commission into coal mines? Give 2 reasons.
Reports of sexes mixing partially naked underground, long days, children working
Which MP was responsible for the Mines and Collieries Act in 1842?
Lord Shaftesbury
What did the Mines and Collieries Act provide?
Prohitied all underground work for women/girls and boys under 10
Which later act improved safety rules and raised the age limit for boys from 10 to 12?
Coal Mines Regulation Act 1860
What did the Coal Mines Regulation Act of 1872 do?
Introduced the requirement for pit managers to have state certification of training, miners also given right to appoint inspectors from among their own ranks
What did the Mines Regulation Act of 1881 do?
Empowered the Home Secreary to hold inquiries into the causes of mine accidents
What did the 1867 Factory Act provide? .
Applied esixting legislation to all other factories where 50 or more people were employed, also brought regulation to other specified industries regardless of numbers employed e.g. blast furnaces, iron and steel mills, glass, paper, tobacco, printing, bookbinding
Give the dates of 2 further factory acts of the 19th Century.
- 1844, 1847, 1876, 1878, 1891, 1895
Who set the template for the factory system?
Cromford Mills, 1771, Richard Arkwright
