Key terms

Question 1

What is capitalism?

Answer 1

Economic system where businesses are controlled by private ownership and for profit

Question 2

What is democracy?

Answer 2

A political system where people are able to choose their leaders in a public vote

Question 3

What does the term ‘closed shop’ mean?

Answer 3

Where everyone who works there is in a trade union

Question 4

What is an entrepreneur?

Answer 4

Someone who takes risks to start up a business

Question 5

What is an artisan?

Answer 5

A skilled tradesman/woman (often making something by hand)

Question 6

What is a ‘knobstick’?

Answer 6

A strike breaker

Question 7

What does the term picketing mean?

Answer 7

To encourage workers not to work and join a strike action

Question 8

What is a dividend?

Answer 8

Sum paid annually to a shareholder

Question 9

What does the term mutualism mean?

Answer 9

Groups/people getting together to help each other

Question 10

What is cooperative economics? 2 marks

Answer 11

common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically-controlled enterprise

Question 12

What are laissez faire economics?

Answer 12

Governments not intervening in markets or the economy

Question 13

What is the difference between parliament and government? 2 marks

Answer 13

Government runs the country, parliament passes legislation

Question 14

What is hunger politics?

Answer 14

Political demands brought about by harsh economic conditions

Question 15

What is a constitution?

Answer 15

A set of rules and rights to run a country

Question 16

What is patronage?

Answer 16

Using influence or money to sponsor an individual within the political system

Question 17

What is a pocket borough?

Answer 17

Landowner controls who becomes MP in a constituency/borough

Question 18

What is a rotten borough?

Answer 18

A borough which has declined in power, size, voters but still has 1 or even 2 MPs

Question 19

What is sedition?

Answer 19

Using language to encourage rebellion

Question 20

What is a two-party system? 2 marks

Answer 20

British political system which work best with 2 large political parties due to the First Past the Post System

Question 21

What does the word lobby mean?

Answer 21

Influencing politicians to vote in certain ways

Question 22

What did an ‘Adullamite’ believe in 1866?

Answer 22

Anti-reformist in 1860s in the Liberal Party

Question 23

What does agrarian mean?

Answer 23

A society based on the land and in farming

Question 24

What is a joint-stock bank?

Answer 24

Bank owned by a few people each with shares in the bank’s capital

Question 25

What is a cottage industry?

Answer 25

Small-scale industry in homes rather than in factories

Question 26

What is a trade union?

Answer 26

A body of workers joined together to support each other with employee/employer negotiations

Question 27

What is New Model Unionism?

Answer 27

Unions of skilled labour during the 1850s onwards

Question 28

What does the term aristocracy of labour refer to? 2 marks

Answer 28

Division of labour into Skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labour

Question 29

What is piecework?

Answer 29

To be paid by the item made

Question 30

What does TUC stand for?

Answer 30

Trades Union Congress

Question 31

What is a parish?

Answer 31

Area run by a local church

Question 32

Define pauperism. 2 marks

Answer 32

Poor people in a society in need of poor relief

Question 33

What is a panopticon?

Answer 33

A type of prison where all areas can be viewed by few staff

Question 34

What does ‘less eligibility’ mean?

Answer 34

Conditions in the workhouses are worse than the lowest outside the workhouse

Question 35

What is non-conformism? 2 marks

Answer 35

Refusal to conform to common beliefs (usually in religion)