fall of Fascism

Question 1

pacification of Libya

Answer 1

1931
-1/3 population died from poison gas and conc cams

Question 2

Dolfuss killed

Answer 2

1934 - Nazis try Anschluss
Mussolini sends troops to Brenner Pass

Question 3

Stresa Front

Answer 3

F+B+I alliance to combat German expansion

Question 4

Abyssinia 1935

Answer 4

-‘civilising mission’
-500K Abyssinians die (first to use chemical weapons)
-League of Nations sanction
-250K stay for guerilla warfare
-had to devalue lira 40% (budget defecit increased 2.5-16 bill lira)

Question 5

Spanish civil war Italy invests

Answer 5

1936
-50K ‘volunteers’, thousands weapons and aircraft

Question 6

Gudalajara

Answer 6

1937
-embarrassment so had to fight more to win in 1939
-cost 14 bill lire
-only country with armed forces weaker (1939) than 4 yrs prior

Question 7

Anti-Comintern pact

Answer 7

1937

Question 8

Albania

Answer 8

1939, after Germany invades Prague (to keep up)

Question 9

Pact of Steel

Answer 9

1939 Count Ciano (son in law) agrees on it
-but also tells Germany they aren’t ready until 1943 (rearmament)

Question 10

Dunkirk

Answer 10

May 1940
-persuades Mussolini Germany will win

Question 11

June 1940

Answer 11

declaration of war
-demanded Nice, Cyprus, Crete, Tunisia, Sudan, Somalia, Corsica
-Mussolini orders attack on France

Question 12

invasion of Greece

Answer 12

1940
-thought army was 10% of actual numbers
-Italy retreat to Albania
-Germany has to save and takes 0.5 mill Italians

Question 13

Battle of Taranto

Answer 13

1940 Nov
-British destroy over 50% Italian fleet in Taranto (base)

Question 14

retreat in North Africa (1941)

Answer 14

-fall of France (expects Brits to surrender)
-Italians outnumbered Brits (8:1)
-Brits counter and push Italians out of Abyssinia, into Libya
-Germans have to save again (temp)
-Brits take 380K POW by mid 1941

Question 15

Battle of El Alamein

Answer 15

1942
-axis forces driven out of North Africa
-prepare for invasion of Sicily from Tunisia

Question 16

Stalingrad

Answer 16

1942-43
-M declares war on USSR and USA (1941)
over 200k Italians wiped out (all that were sent)

Question 17

invasion of Sicily

Answer 17

1943, conservative elite want to make peace with Allies
-only if M was deposed

Question 18

Mussolini deposed

Answer 18

2 weeks after Sicily invasion
-agreed to FGC meet
-removal passed 19 votes to 7
-Mussolini went to king for help and was arrested

Question 19

Mussolini rescued and Republic of Salo est

Answer 19

1943
-Fascist gov with Hitler in North Italy
-RSI (Italian Social Republic) in North
-had an army of over 0.5 mill
-civil war

Question 20

Mussolini captured and killed

Answer 20

1945
-by Partisans in south when trying to escape to Switzerland

Question 21

1946 referendum

Answer 21

monarchy rejected 13 to 11 mill

Question 22

1946 elections

Answer 22

-Christian Democrats 207 seats
-Socialists = 115 seats
-Communists = 104 seats