The Fascist State (1925-40)

Question 1

influence in education

Answer 1

-portrait of M next to King in classrooms

-each schl day start with Fascist slogan

-101/317 textbooks banned

-History textbooks patriotic (Roman Empire, Reneissance, unification, Rise of Fascism)

Question 2

Fascist Youth advantages for Uni students

Answer 2

-half price entertainment admission
-part exemption from military service
-increase career prospects

Question 3

uni professors protesting to Fascism (ish)

Answer 3

only 11/1,250 professors refused to join PNF

Question 4

Dopolovoro (OND) membership

Answer 4

300K (1926) 2.4 mill (1935)

Question 5

cinema censorship

Answer 5

creative freedom as long as they didn’t criticise fascism or regime or make serious political or social comments

Question 6

propaganda in cinemas

Answer 6

1940’s ‘Siege of the Alcazar’ - Spanish war
-newsreels produced by LUCE (regime film agency)
-victory in 1934 world cup and LA olympics (1932)

Question 7

radio

Answer 7

set up 1924-25
1932 300K sets registered

Question 8

press censorship

Answer 8

1925, independent papers closed and editors arrested
-La Critica remained
-only registered journalists can write (F control register)
-Catholic paper ‘Osservatore Romano’

Question 9

repression and terror pre power vs after power

Answer 9

(1920-22) 2K killed
after 400 killed

Question 10

OVRA powers

Answer 10

-can arrest without trial
-search ppl and places
-tap telephones and intercept mail

Question 11

OVRA speculation figure

Answer 11

130K by 1939

Question 12

Rosseli brothers

Answer 12

murdered in France (1937) (socialists that promoted anti-fascist propaganda in Italy and fled)

Question 13

antisemetic decrees

Answer 13

1938
-all jews banned from state education
but in 1938 10K PNF = Jews

Question 14

reason for antisemetic decreees

Answer 14

French PM (was Jewish) and vocalised against Italy in Spanish civil war
-leading European Jew figures criticised Abyssinia in 1936