Falls Flashcards
(23 cards)
what body/physiological changes occur with age predispose to falling?
small pupils thick lenses sarcopenia decreased reaction time decreased fitness postural sway decreased peripheral sensation
features of syncope?
sudden loss of consciousness
rapid recovery
how to diagnosis orthostatic hypotension?
sitting then standing bp
what gives a diagnosis of OH?
systolic fall in >20, diastolic in >10 after 3 mins of standing
what can cause OH?
diabetes
HT drugs
dehydration
levodopa
features of cognitive impairment?
decreased…
judgement
orientation
visual - spatial perception
features of vestibular disease?
vertigo
imbalance
how to diagnose and treat BPPV?
dix hallpike
epley manouvre
how to investigate falls?
history/collateral history
BP
TUG test/get up and go test
fracture assessment
management of falls?
strength and balance training
medication review
OT assessment
how to investigate bone density?
DEXA scan
how to treat if patient has decreased bone density?
Vit D, Ca 2+, bisphosphonates
what antidepressants cause falls? why?
TCA
MAOIs
OH
what antipsychotics cause falls? what else can they cause?
typical
atypical increase VTE/stroke risk in elderly
why do benzos cause falls?
sedative
why do parkinsons drugs cause falls? what ones?
OH dopamine agonists (ropinerole)
why can antihistamines cause falls?
sedative
why can anti hypertensives cause falls?
OH
why can diuretics cause falls? which ones?
OH
loop and thiazide
why can opiates cause falls?
sedative
why can enti epileptics cause falls? what ones?
ataxia
sedation
phenytoin and carbamazapine
what anti cholinergics increase risk of falls? why?
oxybutinin
tolteridine
delirium, OH, visual disturbance
what anti arrythmia drugs can cause falls? why?
digoxin
flecainide
bradycardia
