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Families: couples Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

How does Parsons argue the nuclear family roles should look

A
  • Husband has an instrumental role (breadwinner)
  • Wife has expressive role (homemaker/ housewife)
  • Based on biological differences
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2
Q

How do Young and Willmot criticise Parsons division of labour

A

Men are taking a greater share of domestic tasks and more women are becoming wage earners

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3
Q

What does Bott say are the 2 types of conjugal roles

A
  • Segregated conjugal roles: male breadwinner and female homemaker
  • Joint conjugal roles: couples share tasks such as housework
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4
Q

What did Young and Willmotts study show about segregated conjugal roles

A
  • Working class extended families in Bethnal Green 1950s
  • Men were breadwinners
  • Women full time housewives
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5
Q

What do Young and Willmott argue about the structure of the family

A
  • March of progress
  • Families becoming more equal
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6
Q

How do Young and Willmott argue the family has become more symmetrical

A
  • Women work
  • Men help with housework and childcare
  • Couples now spend more time together
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7
Q

What do Young and Willmott argue is the reason for families becoming more symmetrical

A
  • Changes in womens position
  • Geographical mobility
  • New technology
  • Higher standards of living
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8
Q

How does Oakley criticise Young and Willmotts view that the family is more symmetrical

A
  • 15% of husbands had a high level of participation in housework
  • 25% of men had a high level of participation in childcare
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9
Q

What did Oakley say about fathers participation in childcare

A

Cherry pick the fun aspects

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10
Q

How does male participation in childcare disadvantage mothers

(According to Oakley)

A

Men do the fun aspects and leave mothers with the work and without the reward

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11
Q

What did Boultons 1983 study show

A

Less than 20% of husbands had a major role in childcare

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12
Q

What did Warde and Hetherington find

A
  • Sex typing of domestic tasks was strong (e.g. women more likely to be last person to do the washing and men more likely to be last person to wash the car)
  • Men only did female tasks when their partner wasnt around to do them
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13
Q

What does Gershuny say is the cause of a more equal division of labour

A

Increase in women working full time

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14
Q

What did a 2012 survey show about the house jobs men and women do

A

M:W
- Housework: 8:13
- Care for family members: 10:23

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15
Q

What does Allan argue about the tasks women do

A

Less intrinsically satisfying

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16
Q

How does Ferri and Smith support Boulton

A

Fathers took responsibility for childcare in less than 4% of families

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17
Q

How do Dex and ward support Boulton

A

Although fathers had high levels of involvement with their 3 year olds only 1% looked after their sick child

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18
Q

How do Braun Vincent and Ball support Boulton

A

In only 3/70 families, the father was the main carer

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19
Q

What is the triple shift acording to Duncombe and Marsden

A

Women are responsible for housework, paid work and emotional work

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20
Q

How does Hochschild say women are responsible for emotional work

A
  • Handling arguments between children
  • ensuring everyone is kept happy
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21
Q

What does Southerton say is a rersponsibility that falls to mothers

A

Managing the families quality time together

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22
Q

What does Southerton say about the difference in leisure time between men and women

A
  • Men are more likely to experience uninterrupted blocks of leisure time
  • Womens leisure time is punctuated by childcare
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23
Q

What do Crompton and Lyonette say are the 2 different explanations for the unequal division of labour

A
  • The cultural/ideological explanation of inequality
  • The material/economic explanation of inequality
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24
Q

What is the cultural/ideological explanation of inequality according to Crompton and Lyonette

A

Division of labour determined by patriarchal norms and values that shape gender roles

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25
What is the material/economic explanation of inequality according to Crompton and Lyonette
The fact that women generally earn less than men means that it is rational for women to do more of the housework while men earn money
26
What does Gurshuny say about the role of parents in having an equal relationship
Childrens who grew up with parents having a more equal relationship are more likley to share housework equally in their own relationships
27
What does Man Yee Kan find about age and equal relationships
Younger men do more domestic work
28
What did Future Foundation find about the shift in gender roles in a relationship
- Most men claimed to do more housework than their father - Most women claimed to to less than their mother
29
What did the British Social Attitudes Society find about opinions towards traditional divisions of labour
10% of under 35s agreed with trad divisions of labour compared to 30% of over 60s
30
What did Dunne say about gender roles in lesbian relationships
More symmetrical families due to the lack of traditional heterosexual gender scripts
31
What did Arber and Ginn say about class differences in time spent doing domestic work
Middle class women more able to buy commercially produced goodss and services. e.g. ready meals, domestic help and childcare
32
What did Sullivan say makes the biggest difference in the amount of domestic work done
Working full time rather than part time as this brings womens earnings closer to their partners
33
What did Barrett and McIntosh say about the financial support that men give to women
- Men gain more from womens domestic work than they give in financial support - The financial support that husbands give to their wives comes with strings attached - Men usually make decisions on important spending
33
What does Kempson say about women in low income families
- Often denied their own needs, eating smaller portions of food or skipping meals. - Rarely going out
34
What did Pahl and Volger say are the 2 types of control over family income
- Allowance system - Pooling
35
What is the allowance system
Men give their wives an allowance where they have to budget the families needs while the man has money for himself
36
What is the pooling system
Where both partners have access to income and joint responsibility over money
37
What did Pahl and Volger find about the pooling system
Men still made major financial decisions
38
What did finch say about the structure of womens lives
Structured around husbands career
39
What did Edell find about decision making
- Very important decisions (e.g. job and moving house) were made by the husband alone - Important decisions (e.g. education and holidays) were made jointly - Less important decisions (e.g. childrens clothes, house decor and food) usually made by the wife
40
What does Edgell argue is the reason for men making decisions
Women earn less so are financially dependent on them
41
What do feminists argue is the reason for inequality in decision making
Men are considered decision makers in a patriarchal society and this is instilled through gender role socialisation
42
Why is pooling not necessarily equal
Partners contribute equally despite differences in income
43
What did Volger et al find about cohabiting couples and control over income
Less pooling
44
What does Smart say about gay and lesbian couples and money
There is less importance to who controls the money
45
Why does Smart say there is a difference in attutides around money sharing in gay and lesbian couples
Less historical, gendered and heterosexual baggage or cultural meanings around money
46
How does the home office define domestic violence
Any incident or pattern of incidents of controlling, coercive or threating behaviour, violence or abuse between those aged 16 or over who are or have been intimate partners or family members regardless of gender or sexuality
47
According to the womens aid federation (2014) what fraction of violent crimes is domestic violence
1/6 - 1/4
48
How many people in England and Wales had reported being victims of domestic abuse in 2012
2 million
49
How many women are killed by a partner or ex partner according to Coleman and Osbourne
2 a week
50
According to UNODC how often is a women or girl killed by a family member
1 every 11 mins globally
51
What did Dobash and Dobash say caused violent incidents to be set off
Anything that is seen as a challenge to the husbands authority
52
How many people reported experiencing domestic abuse in 2012
7.3% of women: 1.2 million 5% of men: 800,000
53
What did Walby and Allen find about types of domestic abuse towards women
More likely to be victims of multiple incidents of abuse and sexual violence
54
What did Dar say about counting domestic violence incidents
It can be hard to count seperate incidents because they may be continuous or occur so often that the victim cant count
55
What does Yearnshire say is the reason for DV statistics not being reliable
On average a woman suffers 35 assults before reporting it to the police
56
Whay does Dar say that domestic violence is less likely to be reported
The victims believe it isnt a matter for the police or are too scared
57
What does Cheal say the reluctance to investigate domestic violence cases is due to
- The police see the family as private so access by state agencies should be limited - It is assumed that women being abused can leave
58
What do radical feminists say is the cause of domestic violence
The patriarchal society preserves the power that men have over women
59
What is a criticism of radical feminists view of domestic violence
Ignores female violence against children, male partners and within a lesbian relationship
60
According to Crime Survery for England and Wales how many men have experienced domestic abuse after 16
2.9 million (18%)
61
What social groups have a higher rist of domestic violence
- Young women - Working class women and women in deprived areas - women in shared and rental accomodation - those with high levels of alcohol or drug consumption - those with long term illness or disability
62
What does Wilkinson and Pickett say is the cause of domestic violence
Result of stress on family members caused by social inequality
63
How does social inequality result in domestic violence
Increased stress reduces chances of maintaining stable, caring relationships and increased risk of conflict and violence
64
How does Ansley argue domestic violence is a product of capitalism
- Women are takers of shit - Male workers are exploited at work so take out anger and frustrations on wives

Sociology (15 decks)

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