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PSYCH 130 > Family > Flashcards

Family Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three functions of families in child development?

A
  1. survival of offspring
  2. economci function
  3. cultural training
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2
Q

Family members have a ____ influence on each other.

A

reciprocal

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3
Q

What is a family?

A

a complex (and constantly evolving) network of relationships, interactions, and patterns of influence that characterize a family

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4
Q

True or False:
The family is the first social context a child encounters.

A

True

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5
Q

True or False:
Sibling birth order has no role in child development.

A

False

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6
Q

What are direct effects from family members?

A

instances where any pair of family members affects and is affected by each other’s behavior

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7
Q

What are indirect effects from family members?

A

instances where the relationship between two individuals in a family is modified by the behavior or attitudes of a third family member

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8
Q

What are two important dimensions of parenting style?

A
  1. degree of parental warmth (support & acceptance)
  2. degree of parental control and demandingness (level of expectations from child)
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9
Q

What are the two dimensions of parental warmth?

A
  • supportive
  • unsupportive
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10
Q

What characterizes supportive parents?

A

accepting and child-centered

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11
Q

What characterizes unsupportive parents?

A

rejecting and parent-centered

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12
Q

What are the two dimenisons of parental control?

A
  • demanding
  • undemanding
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13
Q

What characterizes demanding parents?

A

parent expects much of child

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14
Q

What characterizes undemanding parents?

A

parent expects little of child

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15
Q

What is an authoritative parenting style?

A
  • sets clear standards and are firm about enforcing them, but allow autonomy within those limits
  • relationship is reciprocal, responsive, and high in bidirectional communication
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16
Q

What are the child outcomes of authoritative parenting?

A
  • competent, self-assured, popular
  • able to control their own behavior
  • low in antisocial behaviors in childhood
  • hgih in social and academic competence and positive behavior
  • low in problem behavior
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17
Q

What is an authoritarian parenting style?

A
  • nonresponsive to their children’s needs
  • oriented toward obedience and authority
  • enforces their demands through the exercise of parental power and the use of threats and punishment
  • relationship is controlling, power-assertive, and high in unidirectional communication
18
Q

What are the child outcomes of authoritarian parenting?

A
  • low in social and academic competence in childhood and adolescence
  • as children, tend to become unhappy and unfriendly (more negative effect on boys)
19
Q

What is a permissive parenting style?

A
  • responsive to their children’s needs but do not require that their children regulate themselves or act in appropriate or mature ways
  • relationship is indulgent and low in control attempts
20
Q

What are the child outcomes of permissive parenting?

A
  • impulsive, lacking in self-control, and low in school achievement
  • engage in more school misconduct and drug use
21
Q

What is a disengaged or rejecting/neglecting parenting style?

A
  • tend to be foucsed on their own needs rather than their children’s
  • do not set limits for or monitor their children’s behavior
  • relationship is rejecting or neglecting; uninvolved
22
Q

What are the child outcomes of disengaged parenting?

A
  • infants: attachment problems
  • children: poor peer relationships
  • adolescents: antisocial behavior, poor self-regulation, substance abuse, risky sexual behavior, and low academic/social competence
23
Q

____ SES parents are more likely than ____ SES parents to use an authoritarian parenting style

A

low; high

24
Q

True or False:
Lower SES mothers are more likely to use a style that is accepting and democratic, and they use more language with children

A

False
Higher SES mothers

25
Q

True or False:
The differences in parenting styles between SES is attributed to level of education.

A

False
It is related to the kinds of jobs that people of high/low SES work

26
Q

How is authoritative parenting associated with high SES?

A
  • jobs reward responsibility, self-direction, initiative, independence
  • parents value autonomy, responsibility, creativity
27
Q

How is authoritarian parenting associated with low SES?

A
  • jobs reward compliance and rule-following
  • parents value obedience, self-control, getting along with others
28
Q

How does SES affect your values?

A

socioeconomic status
↓
values
↓
childrearing values
↓
parenting behavior

29
Q

How does authoritarian parenting affect children living in urban poverty?

A

encouragement of independence/self-reliance, aggressive play, and early withdrawal of emotional support

30
Q

True or False:
Having authoritarian parents while also living with the negative outcomes of urban poverty worsens these negative outcomes

A

False
Not necessarily; the child becomes adaptive to these values because it teaches them to survive first

31
Q

How does race/ethnicity play a role in parenting style?

A
  • studies for ideal parenting are primarily influenced by W.E.I.R.D behaviors
  • particular parenting styles and practices may have different meanings and different effects in different cultures
32
Q

True or False:
Representations of “warmth” are different in Asian cultures than in European cultures.

A

True
not necessarily shown thru hugging, kissing, and praising

33
Q

True or False:
Authoritarian parenting has a less negative effect on Chinese American children.

A

True

34
Q

What is discipline?

A

training in order to act in accordance with rules

35
Q

What are the two positive outcomes of discipline?

A
  1. process of internalization
  2. positive synchrony
36
Q

What is the process of internalization?

A
  1. understand the parent’s expectations and standards
  2. accept those standards and behave accordingly
37
Q

What is synchrony?

A

interactions that are harmonious, reciprocal, responsive, interconnected, engaged, and involve shared effect

38
Q

What is corporal punishment?

A

violent punishment (i.e. getting spanked)

39
Q

What was the only positive outcome associated with corporal punishment in childhood that was shown in Gershoff’s study?

A

immediate compliance

40
Q

True or False:
Marital conflict has no effect on child

A

False

41
Q

What are coercive cycles?

A

a kind of operant conditioning that negatively reinforces children to increase fighting against parents’ expectations by taking away arguing
* parent tells child what to do
* child fights parent’s expectations and refuses
* parent gives up arguing
* child knows to keep fighting in order to get away with behavior

PSYCH 130 (15 decks)

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