Fat Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

Fat Soluble Vitamins
Is Found in ——– in association with lipids.

Answer 1

feedstuffs

Question 2

FSV is Absorbed in the —- in association with lipids.

Answer 2

diet

Question 3

FSV Usually involved in the regulation of ———- of the body (—— and ——)

Answer 3

structural portion

Muscles bones

Question 4

Moderate to extensive storage time in —— (——- and ——, —–, ——, and —- —–)

Answer 4

Tissues
kidney and liver, muscles,
brain and fat tissue).

Question 5

FSV is Usually exist in nature as

Answer 5

precursor

Question 6

FSV is Relatively sensitive to ——, heat, UV light, —– —- and
specific ——.

Answer 6

oxidation
metal ions
enzymes

Question 7

The ——- —– ——- is the most
widely distributed and
most active precursor of
vitamin A; converted to
active form in the —– and ——-

Answer 7

carotenoid beta-carotene
liver and intestine.

Question 8

Active forms of Vitamin A

Answer 8

Retinol, Retinal, and Retinaldehyde

Question 9

Functions:
• Normal development of various —— —— in the body
• Formation of visual purple (———-) for dim light vision
• Formation of —– and —–
• Control of growth and differentiation processes of the cellular metabolism by influencing the transcription of —– —– —- genes.
• Increase resistance to —— ——
• Antioxidative effect on cell degrading lipid radicals, resulting in
——— —– —–
(FSH and LH)

Answer 9

Vitamin A

epithelial tissues
(rhodopsin)
bones and collagen
infectious diseases.
increased hormonal activity

Question 10

Sources of Vit. A
• In the form of its precursor carotene, vitamin A is found in ——, y——– and —– plants
• L—-, k—–, b——– c——- and e– —— are also rich in vitamin A.

Answer 10

carrot,
yellow maize and green plants.
Liver, kidney, butermilk, codliver oil and egg youl

Question 11

Deficiency symptoms:
• Pneumonia
• Poor fertility or abortions
• Paralysis
• Night blindness
• Xerophthalmia
• Susceptibility of young to diseases.

Answer 11

Vitamin A

Question 12

Hypervitaminosis of Vit A

Answer 12

Hyperostosis, hyperkeratosis

Question 13

Is sensitive to heat and light

Answer 13

Vitamin A

Question 14

Known as antirachitic factor, a group of closely related compounds that
possess antirachitic activity which may be supplied through the diet or
by irradiation of the body through sunlight exposure (hence “——– ——)

Answer 14

Vitamin D
(“sunshine vitamin”)

Question 15

Two most prominent forms of Vit. D

Answer 15

Ergocalciferol (D2)
Cholecalciferol (D3)

Question 16

Ergocalciferol (D2) derived from a common plant steroid
precursor

Answer 16

ergosterol

Question 17

Cholecalciferol (D3) derived from precursor ————–
exclusively from animal products

Answer 17

7-dehydrocholesterol

Question 18

Precursors of vit D have – ——– ——–.

Answer 18

no antirachitic activity

Question 19

are able to convert vitamin D2
to vitamin D3

Answer 19

Four-legged animals (i.e. cattle, swine, horses, sheep, goats, etc.)

Question 20

are not able to efficiently convert vitamin D2 to vitamin D3.

Answer 20

Poultry

Question 21

is the primary form of vitamin D in poultry rations.

Answer 21

Vit. D3

Question 22

• For all species, efficiency of utilization is greater for
——– as
compared to ——–.

Answer 22

vitamin D3;vitamin D2

Question 23

The metabolically active form of vitamin D

Answer 23

1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol
(1, 25-(OH)2-D3) or calcitriol.

Question 24

Calcitriol is synthesized with the addition of one hydroxyl group in the
—– and one hydroxyl group in the —– of the animal.

Answer 24

Liver and kidney

Question 25

C28H44O

Answer 25

Ergocalciferol

Question 26

C27H44O

Answer 26

Cholecalciferol

Question 27

Functions: • Absorption of ------ through the intestinal wall. • Regulates formation of a compound known as ------ ------ ----- • Involved in bone metabolism. • Controls transcription of more than . • Promotes germ cell production.

Answer 27

Vitamin D Calcium calcium binding protein. 50 genes

Question 28

Functions: • Absorption of calcium through the intestinal wall. • Regulates formation of a compound known as ------ ------ ----- • Involved in bone metabolism. • Controls transcription of more than 50 genes. • Promotes germ cell production.

Answer 28

Vitamin D calcium binding protein.

Question 29

Deficiency Symptoms of Vit. D

Answer 29

Rickets and Osteomalacia

Question 30

disturbance of normal ossification in young animals characterized by a decreased Ca and P in the organic matrices of cartilage and bone;

Answer 30

Rickets

Question 31

signs include enlarged junction between bone and cartilages, curvature of the bones, tendency to drag hind legs, beaded ribs, deformed thorax and weakening of muscular tissue and susceptibility to infection.

Answer 31

Rickets

Question 32

adult form of rickets; decreased Ca and P in the organic matrices leading to an easily broken bones.

Answer 32

Osteomalacia

Question 33

In poultry a deficiency of vitamin D causes the bone and beak to become ----- and ------ growth is usually retarded and the legs may become bowed, ruffled feathers. Egg production is reduced and egg quality deteriorates.

Answer 33

soft and rubbery,

Question 34

Hypervitaminosis of Vit. D

Answer 34

Calcinosis

Question 35

diffuse soft tissue calcification affecting, among others, the cardiovascular and respiratory tracts.

Answer 35

Calcinosis

Question 36

are favorable sources of vitamin D.

Answer 36

Sun cured forages and fish oils

Question 37

Irradiated animal sterols and fish products contain

Answer 37

Vit. D3

Question 38

Irradiated yeast and plant products

Answer 38

Vit. D2

Question 39

Examples of Vit. E

Answer 39

Tocopherols and Tocotrienols

Question 40

is the most biologically active and most widely distributed Vit. E

Answer 40

a-tocopherol

Question 41

Functions: • Maintains proper permeability of the -------- -----. • Development of proper ---- structure. • Serves as an -------- (phospholipids in the cell membrane). • There is close relationship in the functions of vitamin E and selenium in protecting the ------------ from oxidation. • Reduces the production of ----- ------ ------ from highly unsaturated fatty acids. • Antitoxic effect in cell metabolism. • Stabilization of fat in -------- (meat, milk, eggs).

Answer 41

Vit. E Capillary walls Muscle antioxidant cell membrane Lipid peroxy radicals animal products

Question 42

Sources: • Cereal grains, especially the ---- and ---- ------ , and cereal products • ------ and in general green plants • ------- ---------- are relatively poor sources of the vitamin E

Answer 42

Vitamin E oil and germ portions, Legumes Animal products

Question 43

Vit. E In nature, its synthesis is a function of ------- and thus their products are by far the principal sources

Answer 43

plants

Question 44

The vit E deficiency symptoms in farm animals are ------ -------- (--------)

Answer 44

muscle degeneration (myopathy).

Question 45

in cattle, goat and sheep affects the skeletal muscles, which is manifested by difficulty in standing, trembling and staggering gait.

Answer 45

Nutritional Myopathy (muscular dystrophy or white muscle disease)

Question 46

In pigs vitamin E deficiency diseases are ------ and cardiac disease known as --------- ------- ------ (hemorrhagic lesions within the heart that gives characteristic 'mulberry‘ appearance) and ------- --------- (toxic liver dystrophy)

Answer 46

Myopathy Mulberry heart disease hepatosis dietetica

Question 47

In poultry, Vit. E deficiency causes the following: a. : It is characterized by edema, blackening of affected part, apathy and inappetance. b. characterized by ataxia, head retraction and cycling with legs. c.

Answer 47

Exudative diathesis Nutritional Encephalomalacia (crazy chick disease) Muscular Dystrophy

Question 48

Hypervitaminosis of Vit. E

Answer 48

Vit. E is not toxic even at higher dose

Question 49

A group of quinone compounds that have characteristic antihemorrhagic effect

Answer 49

Vitamin K

Question 50

is the basic molecule of Vit. K and the following are the various isomers: a. – extracted from plant materials b. – synthesized in the liver or by microbes in the gut c. – simplest form; an industrial form

Answer 50

Napthoquinone Phyloquinone (K1) Menaquinone (K2) Menadione (K3)

Question 51

Functions: • Required for the maintenance of normal levels of blood clotting factors II (---------) VII (------------), IX (----------) and X (-------- ------ ----- ), all of which are synthesized in the ----- (synthesis of prothrombin).

Answer 51

Vitamin K Prothrombin Proconvertin Christmas Factor Stuart-prower factor Liver

Question 52

Functions: Participation in the ----------- of other proteins. • Production of the calcium transport protein --------- for bone mineralization.

Answer 52

Vit. K Carboxylation osteocalcin

Question 53

Sources: • Major sources of K1 are • K2 by/from • K3 is offered in various ------ -------- menadione compounds for animal nutrition

Answer 53

plant sources (fresh dark green vegetables) bacterial flora water-soluble

Question 54

Deficiency symptoms of Vit. K • Prolonged ---------- or impairment of • Multiple -------- (subcutaneous and internal) can also occur and can be fatal

Answer 54

clotting time; blood coagulation hemorrhages

Question 55

Hypervitaminosis of Vit K: • Excessive intake of K3 may result to growth -------, -------, m-------------

Answer 55

depression, anemia, methemoglobinemia