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Food and Nutrition unit 1 > Fat Soluble Vitamins > Flashcards

Fat Soluble Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

what is the two types of vitamin A

A

-retinol
-beta carotene

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2
Q

what is the main function of retinol in body cells?

A

-essential for growth and metabolism of all body cells

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3
Q

how is retinol used in the eye?

A

-required for the formation of rhodopsin it is a purple pigment found in the retina which is necessary for vision in reduced light

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4
Q

what is the main function of vitamin A in general?

A

-essential for maintenance of healthy skin and surface tissues e.g. the lining of the respiratory and digestive tracts

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5
Q

what are the 2 the main function of beta carotene?

A

-antioxidant in body tissues which remove free radicals which are the by products of metabolism
-a high intake may offer some protection against some forms of cancer and the removal of free radicals may also protect against CVD

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6
Q

what are four food sources of retinol?

A

-cod
-liver
-dairy products
-eggs

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7
Q

what are four food sources of beta carotene?

A

-carrots
-red peppers
-spinach
-mangoes

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8
Q

what type of foods offer retinol?

A

-animal and fish sources

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9
Q

what types of foods offer beta carotene?

A

-red/yellow/orange/green plant sources

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10
Q

a deficiency of vitamin A in children can cause what?

A

-reduced rate of growth

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11
Q

how can a deficiency of vitamin A effect eyesight?

A

-limited production of rhodopsin can result in night time blindness
-if the condition is not too serious and only a slight problem it can be reversed by increasing the intake of vitamin A

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12
Q

how can a deficiency of vitamin A affects the health of skin?

A

-a deficiency can affect resistance to infection is lowered due to poor condition of the mucous lining of the respiratory tract

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13
Q

what is the name of the condition than can occur due to an extremely low intake of vitamin A -

A

-xerophthalmia can occur as the tear glands become blocked and the cornea becomes dry and inflammed

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14
Q

are excessive intakes of vitamin A likely?

A

-no they are unlikely with a balanced diet

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15
Q

what is the term used to describe an over consumption of vitamins?

A

-hypervitaminosis

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16
Q

what are symptoms of hypervitaminosis of vitamin A ?

A

-drowsiness
-irritability
-skin and bone disorders
-enlarged liver

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17
Q

why are vitamin A levels during pregnancy recommended ?

A

-it can cause defects in the baby

18
Q

over many years what can a large intake of vitamin A lead to?

A

-it can contribute to osteoporosis and makes bones more likely to fracture with increased age

19
Q

what is another name for vitamin D?

A

cholecalciferol

20
Q

what is the main function of vitamin D ?

A

-it is necessary for the growth and maintenance of bones and teeth

21
Q

what is vitamin D used to help absorb?

A

-calcium from the intestine and for the uptake of calcium and phosphorus by the bones and teeth

22
Q

how can vitamin D be formed ? how can this vary?

A

-formed in the skin n exposure to sunlight
-the amount can vary with latitude and the amount of time someone spends outside

23
Q

what are four food sources of vitamin D ?

A

-cod liver oil
-eggs
-margarine
-dairy products

24
Q

what is the only non food source of vitamin D ?

A

-sunlight

25
Q

what is the disease in children that can result because of a deficiency of vitamin D? why is this disease developed?

A

-rickets
-a lack of vitamin D results in failure to absorb calcium and contributes to the softening of bones
-the bones bend under the weight of the body, bow legs are symptoms of rickets

26
Q

what disease can result in adults due to a lack of vitamin D?

A

-osteomalacia which is a condition in which the bones become soft, weak and painful and fracture easily
-elderly people are more susceptible to this as they may be housebound or living in a nursing home and therefore have limited time outside

27
Q

who might also be at a higher risk of having a deficiency of vitamin D ?

A

-individuals with intestinal problems which reduce the absorption of vitamin D e.g. coeliac disease may also become deficient

28
Q

what can result with an over consumption of vitamin D

A

-too high an intake can result in excessive amounts of calcium being deposited in the soft tissues such as the kidneys and so excess vitamin D can result in kidney damage

29
Q

what is another name for vitamin E ?

A

tocopherol

30
Q

what is the function of vitamin E ?

A

-offers protection for lipids especially PUFAs against free radical damage
-protects against some types of cancer. Free radicals may also damage molecules inside the cell such as DNA and proteins, cells with damaged DNA are more prone to cancer

31
Q

how does vitamin E act as an antioxidant?

A

-free radicals which are produced because of normal chemical reactions which can damage membranes.
-free radicals oxidize the lipids forming peroxides this can cause damage to cell membranes which can increase the risk of inflammatory such as rheumatoid arthritis

32
Q

what are four food sources of vitamin E ?

A

-wheatgerm
-vegetable oils (vitamin E prevent rancidity by preventing oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids)
-nuts
-margarine

33
Q

what are 4 symptoms of a deficiency of vitamin E ?

A

-slow wound healing
-lack of energy
-poor concentration
-muscle weakness

34
Q

how are most likely to have a deficiency of vitamin E ?

A

-people who are unable to absorb and utilize vitamin E correctly however this is very rare

35
Q

what happens as a result of an overconsumption of vitamin E?

A

-it have a low toxicity
-very high doses can lead to other fat soluble vitamins being effected e.g. prevents the absorption of vit A
-too high a consumption can also lead to a loss of appetite

36
Q

what is another name for vitamin K ?

A

phylloquinone

37
Q

what are the 3 main functions of vitamin K ?

A

-essential for blood clotting
-helps wounds to heal properly
-co-enzyme in the production of certain proteins that help to prevent osteoporosis

38
Q

what are 4 food sources of vitamin K ?

A

-green leafy veg
-dairy products
-cereals
-red meat

39
Q

how is vitamin K produced in the body?

A

-can be synthesized by gut bacteria in the large intestine

40
Q

why is a deficiency of vitamin K rare?

A

-the vitamin is synthesized in the intestine and is also present in a normal diet

41
Q

who is most likely to have a deficiency of vitamin K ?

A

-newborn up to 6 weeks and premature babies
-Vitamin K is routinely given to all newborn babies, this will assist with blood clotting and prevent the potentially fatal, Vitamin K deficiency Bleeding, VKDB, this is carried out by injection in hospital soon after birth

42
Q

what is the effects of an overconsumption of vitamin K

A

-few toxic reactions to vitamin K have been identified

Food and Nutrition unit 1 (8 decks)

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