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Food and Nutrition unit 1 > trace minerals > Flashcards

trace minerals Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 trace minerals?

A

-fluorine
-iodine
-iron
-selenium
-zinc

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2
Q

what are 3 sources of fluorine?

A

-drinking water
-tea
-fish

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3
Q

what are the functions of fluorine?

A

-maintenance of bone health by supporting bone mineralization
-protects teeth by hardening enamel and so prevents dental caries

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4
Q

what may occur due to a deficiency of fluorine? is a deficiency common?

A

-increasing risk of dental caries
-no due to fluorine being added to dental products and water

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5
Q

what can happen if large amounts of fluorine is eaten?

A

-can cause fluorosis
-symptoms can include crumbling of teeth, skeletal changes, joint and bone problems
-in adults it can also cause skeletal changes and joint problems

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6
Q

what are 3 sources of iodine?

A

-meat
-eggs
-dairy products

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7
Q

what are the functions of iodine ?

A

-needed to produce thyroid hormones which support thyroid function
-needed to support healthy growth and development
-regulates metabolism
-maintains energy levels
-regulates body temperature

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8
Q

where is iodine absorbed and what are the two enzymes it makes and what are their job?

A

-absorbed in the thyroid gland
-triiodothyronine and thyroxine
-they are involved in the rate of energy production in cells

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9
Q

what can a deficiency of iodine result in?

A

-the thyroid gland can begin to swell, this is called goiter and can cause an overactive thyroid which shows symptoms like heart palpitations and anxiety
-can cause an underactive thyroid which can result in symptoms like weight gain and lethargy

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10
Q

what can an excess intake of iodine result in?

A

-toxic effects on the thyroid gland
-it can cause hyperthyroidism and a goiter
-toxicity is rare however oversupplemenation can result in it

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11
Q

what are three nutrients that impair the absorption of iodine?

A

-vit A
-iron
-zinc

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12
Q

how is most at risk for a deficiency of iodine and why?

A

-vegans because iodine is mostly found in animal sources

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13
Q

what are the two types of iron?

A

-haem and non haem

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14
Q

what are 3 sources of iron ?

A

-meat
-fish
-green leafy veg

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15
Q

what are 5 functions of iron?

A

-used as haemoglobin which is responsible for transporting oxygen in the lungs to the rest of the body
-found in myoglobin which is a protein which acts as an oxygen carrier in the muscles
-supports healthy growth and development
-helps maintain our energy levels
-normal functioning of the immune system

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16
Q

what does a deficiency of iron cause?

A

-anaemia

17
Q

what happens if anaemia is developed?

A

-number of red blood cells is reduced
-amount of oxygen carried to the tissues is reduced

18
Q

what are 4 symptoms of anaemia?

A

-lack of energy
-lethargy
-headaches
-dizziness

19
Q

why is anaemia more common in women? what are another group that are susceptible to anaemia?

A

-menstruation as blood is lost
-adolescents due to rapid growth spurts and the beginning of menstruation

20
Q

what can happen due to a large intake of iron? why can iron intoxication occur?

A

-heart and liver damage
-due to overusing supplements which can be fatal in children

21
Q

what are the 5 ages and stages where iron is particularly important? explain why

A

-during infancy and childhood as these are the periods of the most rapid growth, insufficient iron at childhood can result in impaired cognitive development
-during adolescence for healthy growth
-form the beginning of menstruation to the menopause
-during pregnancy so that baby has an iron store when they are born because breast and cows milk are poor sources of iron
-vegans and vegetarians must rely on non haem iron which isnt as easily absorbed by the body

22
Q

how does the form of iron affect its rate of absorption?

A

-iron from meat (haem) is more easily absorbed because it is better recognized by the body

23
Q

what vitamin helps with the absorption of iron?

A

-vitamin c

24
Q

what limits the absorption of iron?

A

-phytates which are found in cereal bran
-tannins in tea can also reduce absorption
-oxalates in spinach

25
Q

what are 4 sources of selenium?

A

-meat
-fish
-eggs
-brazil nuts

26
Q

what are the four functions of selenium?

A

-used as an antioxidant enzyme which protects the body against oxidative damage
-protects the immune system
-prevents CVD
-helps maintain healthy muscles
-supports the reproductive system and protects against prostate cancer

27
Q

what are the 3 things that a deficiency of selenium can lead to?

A

-impaired immune system
-weakening of the muscles
-fertility issues

28
Q

what disease can occur due to a deficiency of selenium? who is most prone to this disease?

A

-Keshan disease
-its is a heart condition that affects women and children

29
Q

why might a excess selenium be consumed?

A

-unlikely but can result of over using supplements

30
Q

what other mineral does selenium work with and what do they do?

A

-iodine
-they work together to help with the normal functioning of the thyroid gland

31
Q

what are 3 sources of zinc?

A

-meat
-eggs
-dairy products

32
Q

what are 5 functions of zinc?

A

-helps the body make protein
-helps make genetic material DNA and RNA
-supports our reproductive systems
-supports healthy growth and development
-boosts immune system

33
Q

what are 2 symptoms of a deficiency of zinc?

A

-poor immunity e.g. slow wound healing
-reduced rate of growth in children

34
Q

high intakes of zinc can interfere with what?

A

-copper metabolism which can cause neurological problems

35
Q

what reduces the absorption of zinc in the gut? (one thing)

A

-phytates in bran

36
Q

what are the 4 ages and stages that should monitor their zinc intake?

A

-during infancy and childhood, adolescence and pregnancy because zinc is important in protein production and cell division and so important for regular growth
-vegans and vegetarians need more zinc as their diets are usually high in wholegrains which reduce the absorption of zinc

Food and Nutrition unit 1 (8 decks)

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