water soluble vitamins Flashcards
(50 cards)
what is the chemical name for vitamin b1?
thiamin
what are the three functions of thiamin?
-oxidation of nutrients
-release of energy
-co enzyme for the break down of glucose
what are four food sources of vitamin b1?
-cereal grains
-white and whole wheat flour
-brown rice
-fortified breakfast cereals
if there is a deficiency of vitamin b1 what is the effect on the oxidation of nutrients?
-glucose and nutrients are only partially broken down to pyruvic acid
what are symptoms of a build up of pyruvic acid? what disease are these also symptoms of?
-muscle weakness
-palpitations
-degeneration of nerves
-beriberi disease
what are the two types of beriberi disease and what are the symptoms of each?
wet beriberi= the patient has fluid in the tissue
dry beriberi= the patient has severe emaciation and wastage of the tissues
where is beriberi disease most common and why?
Asia where the diet staple is white rice
what is the chemical name for vitamin b2?
-riboflavin
what is the function of vitamin b2?
-forms part of the enzyme system concerned in the oxidation of glucose and the release of energy in body cells
what are four sources of vitamin b2?
-dairy products
-liver
-eggs
-kidney
what are 3 symptoms of a deficiency of vitamin b2?
-cracks appear at the corners of the mouth and nose
-tongue becomes red, swollen and dry
-blood vessels may invade the corneas
what are the 2 chemical names given to vitamin b3?
-niacin or nicotinic acid
what are four sources of vitamin b3?
-meat
-fish
-dairy products
-pulses
what is the name of the disease that occurs from a prolonged deficiency of vitamin b3?
pellagra
what are the three symptoms in detail of pellagra? (3 D’s)
-diarrhoea= lining of the gastrointestinal tracts becomes inflamed
-dermatitis= scaling and discoloration of parts of the skin exposed to the sun
-dementia= occurs in advanced cases and ranges from anxiety to hallucinations
a diet based on what staple food usually result in pellagra and why?
-maize and the niacin is in a complex form and is therefore unavailable to the body
what are four foods that are rich in folate?
-liver
-green leafy vegetables
-fortified breakfast cereals
-pulses
what are the 3 functions of folate?
-works with vitamin b12 to form healthy blood cells
-normal cell division
-normal structure of the nervous system
when is folate particularly important to take?
-conception, women who are planning pregnancy must have an adequate folate intake
-folate intake must also be adequate during the first 6 weeks of pregnancy to help develop the babies spine
is it likely to be deficient in folate?
-yes it can be likely
a low intake of folate during pregnancy can result in what?
-neural tube defects such as spina bifida
a deficiency of folate effects the cells doing what?
-dividing
what cells are particularly effected by a deficiency of folate? what is the effect of this?
-cells that are making red blood cells and those lining the gastrointestinal tract
-the effect on red cell formation results in megaloblastic anemia in which cells are larger and immature and released as macrocytes
what are 5 symptoms of a deficiency of folate?
-loss of appetite
-nausea
-constipation
-sore mouth
-smooth red tongue
