Fatty Acid Oxidation

Question 1

outer mitochondrial membrane

Answer 1

joining of Fatty Acid with Acyl-CoA

Question 2

Control enzyme

Answer 2

Carnitine Acyltransferase I

Question 3

Carnitine type of transport

Answer 3

antiporter

Question 4

ENERGETIC BALANCE OF beta-OXIDATION OF PALMITATE

Answer 4

26 ATP

FADH2 = 10.5 ATP
NADH2+ = 17.5 ATP

Question 5

ENERGETIC BALANCE OF THE COMPLETE OXIDATION UP TO CO2 AND WATER OF A MOLECULE OF PALMITATE

Answer 5

106 ATP

FADH2 = 10.5 ATP
NADH2+ = 17.5 ATP
Acetyl CoA = 80 ATP

Question 6

omega-OXIDATION OF FATTY ACIDS

Answer 6

Location: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

KETOGENESIS

Answer 7

Synthesis of ketone bodies

Only in liver

Question 8

KETOGENESIS control enzyme

Answer 8

HMG - CoA Synthase

Question 9

KETOLYSIS

Answer 9

Oxidative breakdown of ketone bodies

Almost all tissues but liver

Question 10

KETOLYSIS control enzyme

Answer 10

Acetoacetyl succinyl CoA transferase

Question 11

MECHANISM OF ACTION OF INSULIN

Answer 11

insulin + receptor ->
IRS1 ->
IRS1-P-PI3-K ->
\+ PIP2 ->
PIP3 and DAG

Question 12

type 1 diabetes

Answer 12

autoimmune destruction of beta-cells

INSULIN DEPENDENT

• Youth
• Thinness
• Ketosis
• Low concentration of insulin
• Insulin

Question 13

type 2 diabetes

Answer 13

beta-cell failure and insulin resistance

NON INSULIN DEPENDENT

• Adulthood
• Obesity
• Hyperglycemia
• High concentration of insulin
• Diet and oral hypoglycemic drugs

Question 14

Diabetes type 1 vs type 2

Answer 14

onset:
1 = usually under 20
2 = usually over 40

insulin synthesis:
1 = absent
2 = preserved

plasma insulin concentration:
1 = low or absent
2 = low, normal, or high

Genetic susceptibility:
1 = yes (HLA antigens)
2 = not associated with HLA antigens

Islet cell antibodies:
1 = yes
2 = no

Obesity:
1 = uncommon
2 = common

Ketoacidosis:
1 = yes
2 = possible after major stress

Question 15

for control of glycemia

Answer 15

best to use A1C