Features of a Science & Conventions of a Report

Question 1

Theory Construction

Answer 1

• Observation
• Construct a testable
  hypothesis
• Conduct an experiment &
  gain experimental data
• Propose a theory & explain
  the results

Top-down method = Reverse order

Question 2

Theory

Answer 2

Set of principles intended to explain behaviours or events.

Question 3

Hypothesis Testing

Answer 3

Predictions of what the expected outcomes of the research are, which is then tested to see whether the IV affected the DV.

Question 4

Empirical Method

Answer 4

Collecting data from direct observation of participants via controlled & replicable scientific techniques.

Question 5

Objectivity

Answer 5

Data should be collected, interpreted & analysed in ways that avoid bias.

Can be improved by
- Systematic data collection
- Double-blind
- Peer review

Question 6

Replicability

Answer 6

Scientists must record their methods & produce standardised procedures so other scientists can repeat their experiments & observations.

Question 7

Falsifiability

Answer 7

Being able to test a theory in a way that can demonstrate it to be untrue - scientists must be open to the possibility of contradictory evidence.

Question 8

Paradigm

Answer 8

Set of shared assumptions & methods within a discipline which distinguishes science from non-science.

Psychology is a pre-science as there is too much disparity between approaches.

Question 9

Paradigm Shift

Answer 9

When a field of study moves through a scientific revolution as scientists challenge an existing paradigm.

Question 10

Abstract

Answer 10

Summary of the entire research process. Includes a brief overview of aim, hypotheses, method, results & conclusion.

Question 11

Introduction

Answer 11

Details what the study will cover, including relevant theories and associated research. It concludes with the aim & hypotheses.

Question 12

Method

Answer 12

• Sample demographics
• Sampling Method
• Design
• Materials
• Procedure (e.g. instructions, briefing, debriefing, ethics)

Question 13

Findings

Answer 13

Summarise the results of the study, including the experiments, observations and self-report methods. This is then analysed using according to the type of data.

Question 14

Discussion

Answer 14

Consideration of findings which are analysed in light of the research aims & presents an evaluation of the research. It concludes with a consideration of the research in light of the wider contexts, as well as potential implications and applications.

Question 15

Referencing

Answer 15

Acknowledges all sources used to avoid plagiarism claims. Must use consistent format.