FEB 29

Question 1

the ring of fire in on a

Answer 1

plate boundary

Question 2

what is an earthquake

Answer 2

a rapid release of energy

Question 3

hypocenter def

Answer 3

focus, is the location where the fault slip occurs, it usually on fault surface

Question 4

epicenter def

Answer 4

a land surface directly above the hypocenter, maps often portray the location of epicenters

Question 5

hypocenter is _____ ground

Answer 5

below

Question 6

epicenter is ______ ground

Answer 6

above

Question 7

faults are

Answer 7

planar breaks in the earths crust

Question 8

footwall is the

Answer 8

block below the fault

Question 9

hanging wall is the

Answer 9

block above the fault

Question 10

the fault scarp is

Answer 10

the chunk of rock that is exposed after a fault

Question 11

the footwall moves ____ in relation to the headwall (in a regular fault)

Answer 11

rises up

Question 12

the headwall moves ___ in relation to the
footwall (in a regular fault)

Answer 12

falls down

Question 13

in a reverse fault the hanging wall moves _ in relation to the footwall

Answer 13

rises up

Question 14

types of reverse faults

Answer 14

regular reverse fault
thrust fault
strike slip fault

Question 15

strike slip faults tend to be

Answer 15

more vertical

Question 16

to types of strike slip faults

Answer 16

right lateral fault
left lateral fault

Question 17

the displacement of a strike slip fault is

Answer 17

how much this particular earthquake shifted the land surface

Question 18

the displacement of a normal/reverse fault can be measured by the

Answer 18

length of the fault scarp

Question 19

active faults generate

Answer 19

earthquakes

Question 20

inactive faults aren’t

Answer 20

likely to slip

Question 21

the cobequid-chedabucto fault system is

Answer 21

an inactive fault

Question 22

active faults generate at

Answer 22

plate boundaries
collision zones and rifts

Question 23

how do faults form

Answer 23

tectonic forces add stress (pull, push, or shear) to rock

as stress is added to a rock it ends slightly without breaking (elastic strain)

stored elastic energy is released all at once, creating an earthquake

Question 24

when the stress on a rock is greater than the friction keeping it in place

Answer 24

a fault slip happens

Question 25

p waves are also called

Answer 25

pressure waves

Question 26

L waves are

Answer 26

s waves that intersect the land surface

Question 27

R waves are

Answer 27

p waves that intersect with the land surface

Question 28

R waves are also called

Answer 28

rayleigh waves

Question 29

L waves are also called

Answer 29

Love waves

Question 30

s waves are also called

Answer 30

shear waves

Question 31

to measure earthquake waves we use a

Answer 31

seismograph

Question 32

earthquake scale is measured in what two ways

Answer 32

the severity of the damage (intensity) amplitude of waves at a given distance (magnitude)

Question 33

issues with the intensity scale of earthquakes is

Answer 33

subjective and often misreported

Question 34

in a richter scale amplitude is measured by

Answer 34

amplitude of the largest s waves 100km from the epicenter

Question 35

p waves move faster and are picked up by seismographs

Answer 35

first

Question 36

the time between P and S waves tell you

Answer 36

how far away the epicenter is

Question 37

the MW magnitude scale is not

Answer 37

linear its also not the richter scale

Question 38

chile 1960 earthquake was

Answer 38

the largest ever recorded MW amount 9.5

Question 39

divergent mid ocean ridges cause what kinds of fault

Answer 39

strike slip faulting and normal faulting

Question 40

convergent plate boundaries cause what kinds of fault

Answer 40

normal faults reverse faults megathrust faults

Question 41

dangerous earthquakes are how deep

Answer 41

shallow

Question 42

convergent plate boundaries have how deep earthquake

Answer 42

shallow intermediate deep

Question 43

continental transform boundaries cause what kind faults

Answer 43

strike slip faults

Question 44

continent rifts cause what kind of faults

Answer 44

normal faults

Question 45

in orogenic crustal compression (mountain building) what kinds of faults occur

Answer 45

normal faults megathrustal faults strike slip faults reverse faults

Question 46

s waves cause buildings to have a

Answer 46

back and forth motion

Question 47

p waves cause buildings to have a

Answer 47

up and down motion

Question 48

R waves and L waves are ____ dangerous than P and S waves

Answer 48

more

Question 49

on loose sediment earthquakes can induce

Answer 49

landslides and avalanches

Question 50

liquefaction happens when

Answer 50

an earthquake causes waterlogged sand to become a quicksand

Question 51

undersea faulting can be dangerous to coastal communities when it forms a

Answer 51

tsunami

Question 52

faults cause tsunamis by

Answer 52

lifting up the water on the headwall causing a water ripple effect that is a massive wave

Question 53

as tsunamis get closer to the shore

Answer 53

they grow larger

Question 54

tsunamis travel at what speed

Answer 54

up to 800km/h

Question 55

tsunamis have a wavelength of

Answer 55

10s-100s of kilometers

Question 56

tsunamis have a ___ wave height

Answer 56

low typically under a 100ft

Question 57

highest tsunami ever was how tall

Answer 57

1700 ft in alaska

Question 58

indonesia 2004 earthquake specs

Answer 58

9.3 MW subduction zone 230,000 dead caused a tsunami moved sea floor by 10’s of cm

Question 59

haiti 2010 earthquake specs

Answer 59

7.0 MW strike slip 230,000 dead no tsunami caribbean plate sudbucted beneath the american plate

Question 60

japan 2011 earthquake specs

Answer 60

9.0 MW megathrust philippine, eurasian and pacific plate tsunami caused nuclear reactor failure fukushima 20000 deaths

Question 61

turkey 2023 earthquake specs

Answer 61

anatolian, indian , eurasian and arabian plates