Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GEOLOGY > UNIT 10 SURFACE WATER > Flashcards

UNIT 10 SURFACE WATER Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 Water reservoirs

A

The Ocean reservoir

The atmospheric reservoir

The Organic reservoir

The Land Reservoir

The Snow and Ice Reservoir

The Subsurface Reservoir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

WATER CYCLE QUESTION: atmospheric to ocean

A

precipitation over oceans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

WATER CYCLE QUESTION: ocean to atmospheric

A

cloud condensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

WATER CYCLE QUESTION: Land to ocean

A

surface runoff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

WATER CYCLE QUESTION: organic to atmospheric

A

Evapotranspiration from vegetation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

WATER CYCLE QUESTION: Land to atmospheric

A

Evaporation of surface water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

WATER CYCLE QUESTION: atmospheric to land

A

Precipitation over land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

WATER CYCLE QUESTION: atmospheric to snow and ice

A

Precipitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

WATER CYCLE QUESTION: snow and ice to land

A

moving glaciers and melting ice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

WATER CYCLE QUESTION: During atmospheric

A

wind transportation of moisture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

WATER CYCLE QUESTION: Land to subsurface

A

Infiltration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

WATER CYCLE QUESTION: during subsurface

A

percolation, soil water flow, groundwater flow, deep groundwater flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

WATER CYCLE QUESTION: subsurface to Land

A

Emergence of a spring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

WATER CYCLE QUESTION: Land to Organic

A

Roots in plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

WATER CYCLE QUESTION: atmospheric to organic

A

rain into soil into roots into plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

WATER CYCLE QUESTION: Land to snow and ice

A

Freezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A stream is

A

Any body of running water that flows into a channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A channel is

A

An elongate depression or trough in the landscape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Runoff is

A

Water flowing on the surface of the earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Water flows from upstream “______” to downstream”_______”

A

Headwaters to mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ways streams can form

A

melted snow adds water

swamps and puddles collect water

rain or snow falls directly in

groundwater enters via springs

entering though the soil

sheetwash erosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

sheetwash can carve a channel via

A

erosion of the substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

downcutting…

A

depends the main channel by eroding the substrate and steepens the banks of the stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

side channels that flow into the trunk stream are called

A

tributaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
an array of interconnected streams is called a
drainage network
26
how many types of drainage networks are there
5
27
Name the 5 types of drainage networks
dentritic radial trellis parallel rectangular
28
a drainage network collects water from….
a region: catchment ,drainage basin, or watershed
29
A drainage divide is what
the separation of two basins
30
the amazon watershed is one of the largest….
drainage basins and flows into the amazojn
31
a continental divide separates flows into
different oceans.
32
in gaining streams..
the volume of water increases as the streams flows away from the head
33
in losing streams….
the volume of water decreases with distance from the head
34
permanent streams are defined by
water flowing all year
35
ephemeral streams are defined by
flowing only seasonally usually during rainfall
36
discharge is____ and is measured in______
the amount of water flowing in a channel volume per time
37
the is _____ friction in wider shallower streams
More
38
how do streams erode
the streamflow converts potential energy into kinetic energy and erodes by Scouring Hydrolysis and Dissolution
39
During saltation….
coasts bounce along the bed and knock other coasts into the flow
40
What are the three kinds of load in sediment transport
dissolved (ions) suspended (clay) bed
41
The competence of a river is
The maximum particle size it can carry
42
The capacity of a river is
The total quantity of sediment it can carry
43
near the base level of a stream…
gradient flattens discharge increases sediment grain sizes are smaller channel develops large meander belts
44
sea level is the ultimate…
base level
45
Valleys are defined by
The V shape and Slumping
46
Canyons are defined by
Down Cutting and Undercutting soft material
47
Stair step canyons are defined by
Valley plus canyon, looks like steps
48
Waterfalls are defined by
rock ledge defines local base level, discharges hardcore, hard material can’t erode it
49
Alluvial fans occur because
the competence and capacità decreases because the slope rapidly decreases
50
streams meander because of
erosion and deposition
51
when streams meander they form ……
point bars and a cut bank, then a meander neck, then an oxbow lake
52
A delta is
where the river meets the ocean, looks like a big triangle
53
the missipiti river has a ____ delta
birdsfoot
54
what is an antecent stream
a stream that existed before an uplift and now still exists but cuts through the uplift as a canyon
55
what is a diverted stream
a stream that originally couldn’t cut through an uplift and now flows around the uplift or elsewhere
56
what is stream piracy
when a stream crosses a drainage divide
57
what is a persephone river
a river that cuts through a drainage divide and joins a hades river
58
Two types of floods
Flash flood Flow Onset
59
Causes of flooding
Abrupt heavy rains Long continuos rains Abrupt warm weather dam breaks
60
Slow onset floods are characterized by
monsoons snow melt hours or days happen annually
61
flash floods are
usually intense rain or dam collapse or levee failure, can onset a seasonal flood
62
how can you prevent some river flooding
levees, diverted channels, dykes, managed flooding
63
how do levees break
the water seeps through the ground and causes slumping and springs
64
what do we use for flooding rivers in nova scotia
dykes
65
under normal conditions dykes operate by
retaining the tide and river
66
in dyke realignment…..
we put the crops before the dykes , more space, harder to flood, buffer zone
67
streams can be polluted by
sewage heavy metals fertilizers pesticides road salt oil toxic wastes
68
Dams have both….
positive and negative consequences
69
why was the egypt damn so particularly harmful
the sediment carried by the nile naturally nourished the soil and make for extremely effective annual harvests, Now the soil nutritrtion is a vanishing resource the fishing and agriculture industry are being harmed and the delta is no longer being replenished causing delta subsidence.
70
what is channelization
when you dig channels to pull water from another river so you can use it for human means
71
the mouth of a stream is called a _____ and can easily ____
delta subside/change/move
72
oceans cover what percent of the surface
70.8%
73
oceans contain how much of earths water
97%
74
What is ocean bathymetry
like topography but underwater
75
the ocean is what percent water (weight)
96.5%
76
the ocean is what percent salt (weight)
3.5% (1.93% chloride,1.7%sodium,0.27% sulphate……)
77
the salinity of the ocean is greatest in
The tropics and the surface
78
The salinity of the ocean is the least in
high latitude and deep depths
79
the salinity of the ocean is pretty average near the
equator
80
The ocean temperature is greatest
near the equator and surface
81
The ocean temperature is least in
the depths and high latitude
82
What is Thermohaline circulation
the path water takes to circle the world, changes in density from salinity content and temperature cause shallow warm less salty currents and deep cold salty currents
83
A molecule of water takes around_____ to complete a thermohaline cycle
1500 years
84
tides are cause by the
moon and sun
85
how does the moon cause the tides
it pulls and creates a “tidal bulge” on the side closest to it and a “smaller tidal bulge” on the side opposite it. this adds potential energy to the water and creates waves
86
Extra high tides are
spring tides, the axis of the earth causes them to be stronger
87
extra low tides are called
neap tides
88
The moon is the only thing that causes tides
FALSE the sun does too
89
in neap tides
the tide is caused entirely by the sun
90
the intertidal zone is
the area between low and high tide
91
what is a glacier
a persistent body of ice snow and sediment that is consistently moving under its own weight
92
glacial striations form as
ice picks up rocks from the base of the glacier and plows up older sediment an flows over it
93
What causes a U shaped Valley
during glaciation a V shaped valley fills with ice and cause it to mold into a U shape
94
What is Isostacy
When the weight of an ice sheet causes subsidence and the athenosphere flows out of the way, then when the glaciers melt the athenosphere flows back in and causes glacial rebound
95
how fast is glacial rebound
5mm/year
96
in isostacy Beach terraces are uplifted relative to
sea level

GEOLOGY (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions