FECAL

Question 1

Elimination of waste products of digestion from the body is essential to health

Answer 1

Physiology of Defacation

Question 2

Extends from Ileocecal valve to anus

Answer 2

Large Intestine

Question 3

how long is the large intestine

Answer 3

125 - 150 cm (50 - 60 in)

Question 4

Contents of the colon represent foods ingested over the previous __ days

Answer 4

4

Question 5

Most waste products excreted within __ hours of ingestion

Answer 5

48

Question 6

what is the main function of the colon

Answer 6

absorption of water and nutrients after eating (ingestion)

Question 7

Waste products leaving the stomach through the small intestine and then passing through the ileocecal valve

Answer 7

Chyme

Question 8

________ in the colon protects lining from acid in feces and from bacterial activity

Answer 8

Mucus

Question 9

largely air and by-products
of the digestion of carbohydrates

Answer 9

Flatus

Question 10

Wavelike movement that propels intestinal contents forward

Answer 10

Peristalsis

Question 11

movement of the chyme back and forth within the haustra

Answer 11

Haustral churning

Question 12

very sluggish and is thought to move the chyme very little along the large intestine

Answer 12

Colon peristalsis

Question 13

powerful muscular contraction that moves over large areas of the colon

Answer 13

Mass peristalsis

Question 14

Internal sphincter under ___________ control

Answer 14

involuntary

Question 15

External sphincter under ___________ control

Answer 15

voluntary

Question 16

Excreted waste products are referred to as _______ or ______

Answer 16

1. feces
2. stool

Question 17

Expulsion of feces assisted by contraction of the abdominal muscles and diaphragm

Answer 17

Defecation

Question 18

Semi-solid mass of waste products in the colon that is expelled through the anus

Answer 18

Feces

Question 19

list factors that affect defacation

Answer 19

-development
-activity
-diet
-psychological factors
-defecation habits
-medications
-certain foods
-diagnostic procedures
-anesthesia and surgery
-pathologic conditions
-pain
-fluid intake and output

Question 20

cabbage, onions, cauliflower, bananas, apples

are what type of foods

Answer 20

gas-producing

Question 21

prunes, chocolate, alcohol

are what type of foods

Answer 21

laxative producing

Question 22

cheese, pasta, eggs and lean meat

are what type of foods

Answer 22

constipation-producing

Question 23

Fecal Elimination Problems

list them

Answer 23

1. Constipation
2. Diarrhea
3. Bowel incontinence
4. Flatulence

Question 24

● Decreased frequency of defecation or fewer than three bowel movements per week
● Hard, dry, formed stools
● Straining at stool; painful defecation
● Feeling of fullness, discomfort in
rectum, abdomen
● Headache

Answer 24

constipation

Question 25

● Passage of liquid feces and increased frequency of defecation ● Spasmodic cramps, increased bowel sounds ● Fatigue, weakness, malaise, emaciation

Answer 25

diarrhea

Question 26

Loss of voluntary ability to control fecal and gaseous discharges

Answer 26

Bowel Incontinence

Question 27

what are 2 types of bowel incontinence

Answer 27

partial and major

Question 28

the inability to control flatus or to prevent minor soiling

Answer 28

Partial incontinence

Question 29

the inability to control feces of normal consistency

Answer 29

major incontinence

Question 30

● Action of bacteria on chyme ● Swallowed air ● Gas diffusing between bloodstream and intestines ● Eructation (belching, burping) ● Excessive flatus in intestines leads to stretching and inflation of intestines

Answer 30

Flatulence

Question 31

induce defecation, strong purgative effect

Answer 31

Cathartics

Question 32

produces soft of liquid stools (castor oil)

Answer 32

Laxatives

Question 33

softens feces be releasing gases

Answer 33

Suppositories

Question 34

slows motility of the intestine, absorbs excess fluid in intestine

Answer 34

Antidiarrheal medications

Question 35

coalesce gas bubbles and facilitate their passage by belching

Answer 35

Anti Flatulence medications

Question 36

herbal oils acts as agents that help expel gas

Answer 36

Carminatives

Question 37

an insertion of a solution into the rectum and sigmoid colon to stimulate defect

Answer 37

enema

Question 38

Enemas stimulate peristalsis through ________

Answer 38

osmosis

Question 39

acts to soften the feces and to lubricate the rectum and anal canal, thus facilitating the passage of the feces what type of enema

Answer 39

Oil retention enema

Question 40

treat infections locally what type of enema

Answer 40

Antibiotic enemas

Question 41

to kill helminths such as worms what type of enema

Answer 41

Antihelmintic enemas

Question 42

to administer fluids and nutrients to the rectum what type of enema

Answer 42

Nutritive enemas

Question 43

● Used primarily to expel flatus ● The solution instilled into the rectum releases gas, which in turn distends the rectum and the colon, thus stimulating peristalsis what type of enema

Answer 43

Carminative enema

Question 44

● Alternating flow of 100 to 200 ml of fluid into/out of rectum and sigmoid colon stimulates peristalsis ● Repeated 5-6 times until the flatus is expelled and abdominal distention is relieved what type of enema

Answer 44

Return-flow (Harris flush)

Question 45

Types of Cleansing enema

Answer 45

high enema and low enema

Question 46

types of low enema

Answer 46

-hypertonic -hypotonic -isotonic -soapsuds

Question 47

Fluid and electrolyte imbalance; water intoxication

Answer 47

adverse effect

Question 48

Pull fluid out of the interstitial tissues into the colon which has a higher osmotic pressure

Answer 48

Hypertonic

Question 49

● Tap water ● Flow of water is out of bowel into the interstitial tissues which have a high osmotic pressure

Answer 49

Hypotonic

Question 50

● Physiologic/normal saline ● Osmotic pressure on both sides of the membrane ● Safest ● Distends colon ● Stimulates peristalsis ● Softens feces

Answer 50

Isotonic

Question 51

● Pure soap ● Creates the effect of intestinal mucosal irritation to stimulate peristalsis ● Distends colon

Answer 51

Soapsuds