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CLINICAL MICROSCOPY > Fecalysis > Flashcards

Fecalysis Flashcards

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1
Q

Composition of Duodenum (4)

A
  1. Exocrine pancreatic secretion
  2. Bile
  3. Intestinal Secretion mixed with Gastric Secretion
  4. Possibly, PARTIALLY DIGESTED FOOD
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2
Q

Major Contributor of gastric component
1,500 mL/day passes in duodenum
pH = 8

A

Exocrine Pancreatic Secretion

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3
Q

1-2% organic: Enzymes
1% inorganic: Sodium & Bicarbonate

A

Exocrine Pancreatic Secretion

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4
Q

500-1000 mL/day
Yellow to brown or green
pH = 7.0 - 8.5

A

Bile

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5
Q

Bile is composed of

A
  1. Bile Salts (Sodium glycocholate and taurocholate)
  2. Bilirubin
  3. Cholesterol
  4. Phospholipid
  5. Inorganic salts
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6
Q

Only enzyme present in siginificant amount in bile

A

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

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7
Q

Detection of pathogenic bacteria and parasite

A

Fecalysis

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8
Q

Fecalysis is for early detection of

A
  1. gastrointestinal bleeding
  2. Liver
  3. Biliary Duct Obstruction
  4. Maldigestion Syndrome
  5. InflammationN
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9
Q

Normal feces produced everyday

A

100-200 g/day

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10
Q

Specimen for Qualitative testing for blood and microscopic of feces

A

Random fecal specimen
Plastic or Glass screw-top container

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11
Q

Mushy or foul smelling gray stool
Floats in water

A

Steatorrhea

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12
Q

Small, firm, spherical masses of stool (Scybala)

A

Constipation

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13
Q

Narrow, ribbon-like stool

A

Spastic bowel
Rectal narrowing or stricture

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14
Q

Blood from lower gut
Beets

A

Red

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15
Q

Bleeding from Upper GIT
Bismuth, Iron, Charcoal

A

Black

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16
Q

Spinach, green vegetables
calomel
biliverdin

A

Green

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17
Q

Presence of mucus in stool is

A

SIGNIFICANT AND MUST BE REPORTED

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18
Q

Translucent gelatinous mucus

A

Spastic constipation
Mucous Collitis

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19
Q

Blood Mucus

A

Neoplasm

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20
Q

Mucus associated with PUS AND BLOOD

A

Ulcerative collitis
Bacillary Dysentery
Ulcerating diverculitis
Intestinal tuberculosis

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21
Q

Copious quantity of mucus (3 or 4 L in 24 hrs)

A

Villous adenoma of colon

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22
Q

Large quantities of PUS in stool is seen in patient with

A

Chronic Ulcerative Colitis
Chronic Biliary Dysentery

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23
Q

Pale Yellow, white, gray

A

Alcoholic Stool
Bile-duct obstruction, BARIUM SULFATE

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24
Q

Bile-duct obstruction
Pancreatic Disorders

A

Bulky/Frothy

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25
Ribbon-like
Intestinal constriction
26
Microscopic Examination of Feces is for detection of (3)
1. Leukocytes 2. Undigested Muscle Fibers 3. Fecal Fats
27
FECAL LEUKOCYTES: Leukocytes that primarily affects INTESTINAL MUCOSA
Neutrophils
28
FECAL LEUKOCYTES: Presence of Fecal WBC is due to
INVASIVE PATHOGEN
29
FECAL LEUKOCYTES: Invasive Pathogens
Salmonella Shigella Campylobacter Yersinia EnteroInvasive E. Coli
30
FECAL LEUKOCYTES: Absence of Fecal WBC is due to
Toxin producing Microorganisms
31
FECAL LEUKOCYTES: Microorganisms that doesn't elicit fecal WBC
S. aureus Vibrio Viruses Parasite
32
Test that is sensitive for leukocytes even if the stool is refrigerated and frozen
Lactoferrin Latex Agglutination Test
33
Lactoferrin Latex agglutination tested positive for
Invasive pathogens in stool
34
Wet preparation uses what stain
Methylene blue
35
Dry smear for fecalysis uses
Wright's stain Gram Stain
36
Under HIGH POWER ATLEAST ___NEUTROPHILS MUST BE SEEN
3 NEUTROPHILS
37
UNDER OIL IMMERSION ___ NEUTROPHILS SHOULD BE SEEN FOR + INVASIVE PATHOGEN
ANY
38
Helpful in diagnosing and monitoring patient with PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY OR CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Muscle Fiber
39
MUSCLE FIBER: Slides for muscle fiber detection must be emulsified in
10% alcoholic eosin
40
MUSCLE FIBER: In microscopic examination for muscle fiber the slide must be examined within
exactly 5 minutes
41
MUSCLE FIBER: In microscopic examination for muscle fiber the number of ____ is counted
Red-stained fibers
42
MUSCLE FIBER: More than 10 undigested fiber is reported as
INCREASED
43
MUSCLE FIBER: No striations
Digested fibers
44
MUSCLE FIBER: Striations with 2 directions
Undigested fibers
45
MUSCLE FIBER: Striations in 1 direction
Partially digested muscle fibers
46
Specimens from suspected cases of steatorrhea can be screened microscopically
Qualitative Fecal Fats
47
This procedure can also be used to monitor patients undergoing treatment for malabsorption disorders
Qualitative Fecal Fats
48
Lipids included in microscopic examination of feces are
1. Neutral fats 2. Fatty acids salts (soap) 3. fatty acids 4. cholesterol
49
QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS: Dyes
Sudan III Sudan IV Oil Red O
50
QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS readily stained by Sudan III
Neutral Fat Stain
51
QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS Stool suspension + 95% ethanol + Sudan III =
ORANGE RED DROPLETS (Neutral fats/ Tryglycerides)
52
QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS Not readily stained by sudan III
Fatty acids and Soaps
53
QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS Fatty acids and soaps are tested using
Split Fat Stain
54
QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS Split fat stain Emulsified stool + _____ + _____ + Sudan III
36% Acetic Acid Heat
55
QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS In Split Fat Stain: 1st Slide (NT) - Normal 2nd Slide (FFA) - Increased
Malabsorption
56
QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS In Split Fat Stain: 1st Slide (NT) - Increased 2nd Slide (FFA) - Normal
Maldigestion
57
QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS disease results from damage intestinal mucosa
Malabsorption
58
QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS disease results from decreased levels of pancreatic enzymes
Maldigestion
59
QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS Split Fat Stain: 100 small droplets < 4um
Normal
60
QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS Split Fat Stain: 100 small droplets 1 - 8 um
Slightly Increased
61
QUALITATIVE FECAL FATS Split Fat Stain: 100 small droplets
Increased (Steatorrhea)
62
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CLINICAL MICROSCOPY (24 decks)

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