federalism and US constitution USP Flashcards
(42 cards)
what are powers which are exclusively given to the federal government
- military action
- regulate interstate and foreign trade
- establish foreign policy
what are powers which are shared with the federal and state governments
- levy taxes
- establish courts
- provide public welfare
what are powers which are exclusively given to state governments
- establish local governments and schools
- regulate business within the state
- provide public safety
what is a ‘limited government’
government should operate a minimalist intervention policy where it concerns a person’s individual liberties or the economy
why was federalism expansion expanded on because of THE GREAT DEPRESSION
1929 FDR’s ‘New Deal’ - granted resources to reverse economic downturn
why was federalism expansion expanded on because of FOREIGN POLICY
- USA played bigger role in foreign affairs during WW2
why was federalism expansion expanded on because of SUPREME COURT DECISIONS
- majority of 20th century, SC Justices were very liberal in regards to implied powers
- allowed federal government to increase in powers
why was federalism expansion expanded on because of CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS
16th Amendment = federal government could impose income tax on individuals within states
why was federalism expansion expanded on because of POPULATION GROWTH
- 4M = 1790
- 76M = 1900
- 340M = 2024
why was federalism expansion expanded on because of INDUSTRIALISATION
- led to a more nationwide economy
- need for a federal government to regulate the industry
why was federalism expansion expanded on because of IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMUNICATIONS
- us population and economy more interlinked across state boundaries
what happened under DUAL federalism
- clear divide between areas the state and federal governments had jurisdiction over
what happened under CO-OPERATIVE federalism
- expanded under FDR’s New Deal
- Johnson’s ‘Great Society’ = increased federal spending for economic reforms and welfare schemes to tackle poverty and poor medical care (Medicare)
what are categorical grants
federal government specify how the state governments could use it
what happened under NEW federalism
BLOCK GRANTS = federal government give states money which they could use how they wished within the remit of a broad policy area
UNFUNDED MANDATES = mandate states to do certain things without providing any funding for it
how much did Bush increase government spending by in his first term
33% - due to 9/11 response and economic spending when reacting to 2008 financial crash
how much more was spent of defence spending in 2001 and 2009 and by how much was the overall increase
- 2001 = $290M
- 2009 = $651M
increase of 125%
how much more was spent of homeland security spending in 2001 and 2006 and by how much was the overall increase
- 2001 = $13M
- 2006 = $69M
more than a 5x increase
what did Bush’s ‘No child left behind’ act introduce
- major changes to educational policy
- states test children annually with a uniform national test
- provided a 20% increase in funding for the poorest schools
explain medicare and how government spending impacted it
- cost $400B in its first 10 years
how much money did BUSH give as a stimulus package after financial crash (2008)
$20B
how much money did OBAMA give as a stimulus package after financial crash (2009)
$246B
what did Bush’s spending into education and healthcare do to policy
- expansion of medicaid
- re-authorisation of the State Children’s Health Insurance Programme (S-CHIP)
- ‘race to the top’ education programme
what did trump do with federal troops in 2020
- BLM movement
- deployed federal troops to tackle protesters, despite several states opposing it
